{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:38:56Z","timestamp":1765546736884,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008521","name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JDJQ20200307","UDC2019031724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDJQ20200307","UDC2019031724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41971350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To obtain high\u2010precision measurement data using vehicle\u2010borne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning (VLS) systems, calibration is necessary before a data acquisition mission. Thus, a novel calibration method based on a homemade target ball is proposed to estimate the system mounting parameters, which refer to the rotational and translational offsets between the LiDAR sensor and inertial measurement unit (IMU) orientation and position. Firstly, the spherical point cloud is fitted into a sphere to extract the coordinates of the centre, and each scan line on the sphere is fitted into a section of the sphere to calculate the distance ratio from the centre to the nearest two sections, and the attitude and trajectory parameters of the centre are calculated by linear interpolation. Then, the real coordinates of the centre of the sphere are calculated by measuring the coordinates of the reflector directly above the target ball with the total station. Finally, three rotation parameters and three translation parameters are calculated by two least\u2010squares adjustments. Comparisons of the point cloud before and after calibration and the calibrated point clouds with the point cloud obtained by the terrestrial laser scanner show that the accuracy significantly improved after calibration. The experiment indicates that the calibration method based on the homemade target ball can effectively improve the accuracy of the point cloud, which can promote VLS development and applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8816063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T01:45:35Z","timestamp":1612921535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Accurate Calibration of a Self\u2010Developed Vehicle\u2010Borne LiDAR Scanning System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-7600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingnan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9410-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0318-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Design Principle and Implementation Method of Mobile Mapping System","year":"2018","author":"Guo M.","key":"e_1_2_8_1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GuoM. DongS. Z. ShenX. W. ChenC. andPanD. Research on calibration technology of vehicle laser scanning system 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC) 2017 Chengdu 2889\u20132893 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CompComm.2017.8323060 2-s2.0-85049671784.","DOI":"10.1109\/CompComm.2017.8323060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"163","volume-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. of the Photogramm., Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","author":"Puente I.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8473980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShenX. W. GuoM. andDongS. Z. Research on calibration method of vehicle mapping system based on special target International Conference on Computer Science and Application Engineering (CSAE) 2017 Shanghai China.","DOI":"10.12783\/dtcse\/csae2017\/17534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12030401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Analysis of Trimble MX7 mobile measurement system accuracy influencing factors","volume":"42","author":"Ma Y. Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geomatics& Spatial Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comprehensive research on accuracy of mobile laser scanning system","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang W. F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-013-0340-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5351863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Discussion on accuracy test of mobile laser measurement system","volume":"40","author":"Song Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science of Surveying and Mapping"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.78.4.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2013.2252417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HeM. ZhaoH. DavoineF. CuiJ. andZhaH. Pairwise LIDAR calibration using multi-type 3D geometric features in natural scene 2013 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2013 Tokyo Japan 1828\u20131835 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IROS.2013.6696597 2-s2.0-84893767842.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2013.6696597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"3292","article-title":"Calibration of angles for mobile LiDAR scanner system","volume":"43","author":"Tian X. G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infrared and Laser Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.11.044003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Research and application of utilizing UAV laser radar to perfect the vehicle-borne mobile mapping systems data","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang W. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","article-title":"Rigorous boresight self-calibration of mobile and UAV LiDAR scanning systems by strip adjustment","volume":"11","author":"Li Z.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2019.2906416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","unstructured":"GuoM. WangY. M. WangG. L. andWangZ. L. A multifunctional and practical LiDAR scanning target China Patent ZL201410422162.4 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2010.0105"},{"volume-title":"Calibration Method of Mobile Photogrammetric Mapping System","year":"2013","author":"LIU Q.","key":"e_1_2_8_25_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.10.014002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.8.083587"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2021\/8816063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2021\/8816063.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8816063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:12:26Z","timestamp":1722903146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8816063"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Romeo","family":"Bernini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8816063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8816063","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-725X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-7268"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8816063"}}