{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:00:07Z","timestamp":1791644407743,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":322,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Multiple drug resistance TB (MDR\u2010TB) has greatly jeopardized the effective control of tuberculosis in Africa. This study is aimed at determining the incidence and predictors of drug resistant\u2010TB amongst bacteriologically diagnosed cases in the Littoral region of Cameroon. This was a descriptive cross\u2010sectional survey conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 1665 participants were enrolled from 32 diagnostic and treatment centers (DTCs) in the Littoral region. Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were obtained using a pretested structured questionnaire. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using Gene Xpert MTB\/RIF assay and line probe assay (LPA). Consent was obtained from participant\/guidance. Data analysis was carried with SPSS version 21. Univariate and multiple logistic regression was performed at 5% significance level. The incidence of rifampicin and MDR\u2010TB was 86 (5.2%) and 75 (4.5%), respectively. More (11.3%) cases of drug resistance were diagnosed in 2016 compared to 2017 (3.7%). Eleven (0.7%) were resistant to rifampicin only. A total of 19 (4.4%) cases of rifampicin resistance were detected from newly diagnosed cases and 67 (5.4%) from previously retreated cases. Pre\u2010XDR\u2010TB was detected in 2 (2.7%) of the MDR\u2010TB cases amongst whom 1 (1.3%) was extensive drug resistance TB (XDR\u2010TB). Age greater than 60 years old (OR = 4.98,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.047), being married (OR = 1.91,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006), being currently incarcerated (OR = 1.74,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.027), and having contact with known TB cases (OR = 1.88,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.007) were associated to MDR\u2010TB in a univariate analysis. This study highlights the declining rates of TB drug resistance in the region over the years probably due to the introduction of Gene Xpert that results in early detection of RR\u2010TB. It also shows that age greater than 60 years, being married, and incarcerated are predictors of drug resistant\u2010TB, while the year of patient enrolment and previous exposure to TB treatment were independent predictors of drug resistance in the Littoral region of Cameroon.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8817442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T14:50:08Z","timestamp":1637333408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Predictors of Drug\u2010Resistant Tuberculosis among High\u2010Risk Population Diagnosed under National Program Conditions in the Littoral Region, Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0593-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teyim Pride","family":"Mbuh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Wandji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Keugni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Mboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Ane-Anyangwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred Fon","family":"Mbacham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Dilonga","family":"Meriki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","unstructured":"WHO HIV-Associated Tuberculosis 2018 https:\/\/www.unaids.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"WHO What is multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and how do we control it? 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","unstructured":"WHO Global tuberculosis control 2016 https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/250441."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","unstructured":"WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/data."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","unstructured":"WHO Global tuberculosis report 2015 https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/191102."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","volume-title":"Anti-tuberculosis resistance in the world","author":"WHO","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.061524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","unstructured":"MacrotrendsD. 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