{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:55:14Z","timestamp":1777384514862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007833","name":"University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current age of advanced technologies, there is an escalating demand for reliable wireless systems, catering to the high data rates of mobile multimedia applications. This article presents a novel approach to the concept of Self\u2010Concatenated Convolutional Coding (SECCC) with Sphere Packing (SP) modulation via Differential Space\u2010Time Spreading\u2010 (DSTS\u2010) based smart antennas. The two transmitters provide transmit diversity which is capable of recuperating the signal from the effects of fading, even with a single receiving antenna. The proposed DSTS\u2010SP SECCC scheme is probed for the Rayleigh fading channel. The SECCC structure is developed using the Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) code with the aid of an interleaver. Interleaving generates randomness in exchange for extrinsic information between the constituent decoders. Iterative decoding is invoked at the receiving side to enhance the output performance by attaining fruitful convergence. The convergence behaviour of the proposed system is investigated using EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) curves. The performance of the proposed system is ascertained with the H.264 standard video codec. The perceived video quality of DSTS\u2010SP SECCC is found to be significantly better than that of the DSTS\u2010SP RSC. To be more precise, the proposed DSTS\u2010SP SECCC system exhibits an <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> gain of 8\u2009dB at the PSNR degradation point of 1\u2009dB, relative to the equivalent rate DSTS\u2010SP RSC. Similarly, an <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> gain of 10\u2009dB exists for the DSTS\u2010SP SECCC system at 1\u2009dB degradation point when compared with the SECCC scheme dispensing with the DSTS\u2010SP approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8836808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T21:05:12Z","timestamp":1610744712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["On the Performance of Self\u2010Concatenated Coding for Wireless Mobile Video Transmission Using DSTS\u2010SP\u2010Assisted Smart Antenna System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6616-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasru","family":"Minallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ishtiaque","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Atif Sardar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laiq","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiqur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2993704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","unstructured":"Cisco Corp https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BanerjeeA. VaesenK. VisweswaranA. KhalafK. ShiQ. BrebelsS. GuermandiD. TsaiC.-H. NguyenJ. MedraA. LiuY. MangravitiG. FurxhiO. GyselinckxB. BourdouxA. CraninckxJ. andWambacqP. Millimeter-wave transceivers for wireless communication radar and sensing 2019 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) 14-17 April 2019 Austin TX USA USA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CICC.2019.8780147 2-s2.0-85070553382.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2019.8780147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2006.887989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2006.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.848253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NasruminallahM. F. ButtU. NgS. X. andHanzoL. H.264 wireless video telephony using iteratively-detected binary self-concatenated coding 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference 2010 Taipei Taiwan 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECS.2010.5493657 2-s2.0-77954891003.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2010.5493657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoX. ZhuoL. WangS. andShenL. A H. 264 based joint source channel coding scheme over wireless channels 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 2008 Harbin China 683\u2013686.","DOI":"10.1109\/IIH-MSP.2008.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2009.2020578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2013.2283657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Design and performance analysis of channel coding scheme based on multiplication by alphabet-9","volume":"9","author":"Nasaruddin N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470035726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tit.2014.2367094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ietcom\/e91-b.8.2516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangT.andDingQ. Design of (15 11) Hamming code encoding and decoding system based on FPGA 2011 First International Conference on Instrumentation Measurement Computer Communication and Control 2011 Beijing China 704\u2013707 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IMCCC.2011.179 2-s2.0-84860625501.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCCC.2011.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.081711.100211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KurniaR. Hamming coding for multi-relay cooperative quantize and forward networks 2016 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP) 2016 Bali Indonesia 321\u2013325 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TENCONSpring.2016.7519426 2-s2.0-84992091931.","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCONSpring.2016.7519426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.111113.132103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AwayY. Performance of trajectory plot for serial concatenation of BCH and convolutional codes 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communication Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT) 2013 Yogyakarta Indonesia 26\u201330 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMNETSAT.2013.6870854 2-s2.0-84906684538.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMNETSAT.2013.6870854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470863110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/047085474X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","volume-title":"Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: From Basics to Adaptive Trellis-Coded, Turbo-Equalised and Space-Time Coded OFDM, CDMA and MC-CDMA Systems","author":"Hanzo L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","volume-title":"Concatenated Codes","author":"Forney G.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BerrouC. GlavieuxA. andThitimajshimaP. Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: turbo-codes. 1 2 Proceedings of ICC \u203293 - IEEE International Conference on Communications 1993 Geneva Switzerland Switzerland 1064\u20131070 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.1993.397441.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.1993.397441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2464300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Coding for noisy channels","volume":"3","author":"Elias P.","year":"1955","journal-title":"IRE convention record"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Sequential decoding for reliable communication","volume":"5","author":"Wozencraft J. M.","year":"1957","journal-title":"IRE national convention record Conv. Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1963.1057827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.730453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.771146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.909608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.857917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.945280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2008.060708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2009.2034236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.924977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-HajjarM. MaunderR. G. AlamriO. NgS. X. andHanzoL. Iteratively detected irregular variable length coding and sphere-packing modulation-aided differential space-time spreading 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference 2007 Baltimore MD USA 1238\u20131242 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECF.2007.266 2-s2.0-47649119786.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2007.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiJ. BoseA. andZhaoY. Q. Rayleigh flat fading channels\u2032 capacity 3rd Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (CNSR\u203205) 2005 Halifax NS Canada Canada 214\u2013217 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CNSR.2005.52 2-s2.0-33746579754.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNSR.2005.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","first-page":"623","article-title":"Bit error rate performance of bpsk modulation and ofdm-bpsk with rayleigh multipath channel","volume":"2","author":"Divya M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2009.2024784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","volume-title":"Digital Communications","author":"Proakis J. G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","unstructured":"ButtM. F. U. Self-concatenated coding for wireless communication systems [PhD thesis] 2010 University of Southampton."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.815167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormickA. C. GrantP. M. andThompsonJ. S. A comparison of convolutional and Walsh coding in OFDM wireless LAN systems 1 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8525) 2000 London UK United Kingdom 166\u2013169 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PIMRC.2000.881411.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2000.881411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2342661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.714616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SamantaS. MaityG. K. andMukhopadhyayS. All-optical Walsh-Hadamard code generation using MZI 2019 Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC) 2019 Kalyani India India https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DEVIC.2019.8783836 2-s2.0-85070936867.","DOI":"10.1109\/DEVIC.2019.8783836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Designing iterative decoding schemes with the extrinsic information transfer chart","volume":"54","author":"Ten Brink S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.957394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ButtM. F. U. RiazR. A. NgS. X. andHanzoL. Near-capacity iteratively decoded binary self-concatenated code design using EXIT charts IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference 2008 New Orleans LO USA 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.773 2-s2.0-67249133724.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2148150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3006024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.050813.00137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KorhonenJ.andYouJ. Peak signal-to-noise ratio revisited: Is simple beautiful? 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience 2012 Yarra Valley VIC Australia 37\u201338 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/QoMEX.2012.6263880 2-s2.0-84866703841.","DOI":"10.1109\/QoMEX.2012.6263880"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/8836808.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/8836808.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8836808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1723030330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8836808"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daehan","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8836808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8836808","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-8669","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8836808"}}