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A few case reports describing echinococcosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported in the world; however, it has not been reported in Iran, so far. Here, the first case of liver hydatid cyst coinfected with HIV in Iran is reported. The patient is a 46\u2010year\u2010old female HIV\u2010positive based on the laboratory report. Her clinical symptoms included abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, and anorexia. Ultrasound showed three large hepatic hydatid cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts. Ultrasonography of the cyst revealed it as a CE2 stage according to the WHO classification. The patient went under complete anesthesia followed by complete cyst removal by surgery. Observation of the hydatid cyst fluid using eosin 0.1% revealed more than 70% viable protoscoleces. Histopathology examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viable protoscoleces confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. The IgG ELISA test with native AgB for <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> infection was also positive. mtDNA amplification using PCR and sequencing showed the cyst as <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> sensu stricto genotype. Our observations show that huge, large, and high\u2010pressure cysts with hundreds of daughter cysts are difficult to be completely removed, and drug treatment has not been able to reduce their size. Therefore, in HIV coinfection with hydatid cyst, surgery is preferable to other treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8844104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T10:21:02Z","timestamp":1614075662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cystic Echinococcosis\/Hydatid Cyst Coinfection with HIV: A Report from Shiraz, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosef","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mahmoud","family":"Sadjjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Nikoupour Dailami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hamed","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Anbardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Bagher","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","volume-title":"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern","author":"Eckert J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i13.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2001.7.6.907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00223-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Echinococcosis\/hydatidosis in Iran","volume":"4","author":"Rokni M. 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