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It has deeply affected the way modern humans live and work. In MCC, the authentication scheme is indispensable to prevent illegal attacks and privacy breaches. In this paper, we reveal that a recently proposed two\u2010factor authentication scheme for MCC has limitations like stolen\u2010verifier attack and denial of service attack. In addition, its single\u2010server architecture is not applicable to MCC. To enhance the security, we present a provably secure three\u2010factor authentication scheme using the elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC). It has the merit that the user only needs to register once to access multiple servers with a pair of public and private key, and the registration center is offline in the authentication phase. Security analysis demonstrates that our scheme is immune to known attacks and provides user friendliness. Finally, performance comparisons indicate that our scheme has better security attributes and low computing and communication overheads, and it is more applicable to MCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8848032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T17:35:47Z","timestamp":1622309747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Provably Secure ECC\u2010Based Three\u2010Factor Authentication Scheme for Mobile Cloud Computing with Offline Registration Centre"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8646-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1732759"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2723915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2322973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358790.358797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2010.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4656281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","first-page":"2377","article-title":"A mobile intelligent terminal based anonymous authenticated key exchange protocol for roaming service in global mobility networks","volume":"99","author":"Wei F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2020.2974220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2028351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2659640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","first-page":"708","article-title":"Two birds with one stone: two-factor authentication with security beyond conventional bound","volume":"15","author":"Wang D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3048697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2014.2355850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2838615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.963786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3837\/tiis.2017.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2016.2574719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2516963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2016.2633809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4520685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2020.3040776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1983.1056650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/77648.77649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3805058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2721359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangD.andWangP. 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