{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:51:00Z","timestamp":1787017860751,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Project of Medical and Health Talents of Jilin Province","award":["2019SCZT021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SCZT021"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Medical and Health Talents of Jilin Province","award":["3D5172173429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3D5172173429"]}]},{"name":"Project of Improvement of Health Service Capacity of Jilin Province","award":["2019SCZT021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SCZT021"]}]},{"name":"Project of Improvement of Health Service Capacity of Jilin Province","award":["3D5172173429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3D5172173429"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanophthalmos is a clinical phenotype of simple microphthalmos, in which the anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball do not develop into a normal size without other major ocular or systemic anomalies. Typical clinical manifestations of nanophthalmos include short axial length, thickened sclera, small cornea, shallow anterior chamber, and increased lens\u2010to\u2010eye volume ratio. Currently, there is a lack of recognized diagnostic criteria for nanophthalmos. With the development of eye examination technologies, such as biological measurement and imaging examination, visualization and quantification of the eyeball\u2019s shape and structure in nanophthalmos can be realized. New clinical features have been reported, which are of great significance for diagnosing and treating nanophthalmos. This review introduces the related concepts of nanophthalmos and the new developments in its clinical characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8853811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T16:05:05Z","timestamp":1615478705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nanophthalmos: An Update on the Biological Parameters and Fundus Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6639-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Song","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.5.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2735465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2000.106962"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/7015.3473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","article-title":"System of Ophthalmology. Vol. III. Normal and abnormal development. Part 2. Congenital deformities","volume":"39","author":"Duke-Elder S.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.163899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0818-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"653","article-title":"Small eyes big problems: is cataract surgery the best option for the nanophthalmic eyes?","volume":"23","author":"Utman S. A. K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons\u2014Pakistan"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020703032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(01)01161-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.3.437-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020923001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(99)00141-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0971-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01581-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(99)80096-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(82)34687-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0b013e318218a95a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.8.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(99)90126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000220770.19402.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.03670020142033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prostaglandin F2 alpha 1-isopropyl ester effects on aqueous humor dynamics in human subjects","volume":"28","author":"Kerstetter J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0969-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2359-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0b013e31816d400c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Posterior microphthalmos","volume":"231","author":"Meire F.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe belge d\u2019ophtalmologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2018.11.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00996-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2007.01484.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8853811","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/2021\/8853811","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8853811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:56:11Z","timestamp":1783652171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8853811"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Figus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8853811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8853811","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-004X","2090-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8853811"}}