{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:30:53Z","timestamp":1792297853275,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020A1515011000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515011000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81700487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81700487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Increasing evidences have reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease and pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). There is lack evidence of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in adults with INS, however. Here, we to address the association between the gut microbiome and INS. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Stool samples of 35 adult INS patients and 35 healthy volunteers were collected. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. The fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. The correlation analysis between altered taxa and clinical parameters was also included. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found that microbial diversity in the gut was reduced in adult patients with INS. <jats:italic>Acidobacteria<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Negativicutes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Selenomonadales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Veillonellaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridiaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dialister<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rombousia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminiclostridium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lachnospira<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic> were significantly reduced, while <jats:italic>Pasteurellales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bilophila<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium ventriosum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic> were markedly increased in patients with INS. In addition, <jats:italic>Burkholderiales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alcaligenaceae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic> were negatively correlated with serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen levels were positively correlated with <jats:italic>Christensenellaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroidales_S24.7<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136<\/jats:italic>, but were negatively correlated with <jats:italic>Flavonifractor_plautii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Erysipelatoclostridium_ramosum<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Enterobacteriales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Porphyromonadaceae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia\/Shigella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Escherichia_coli<\/jats:italic> were positively correlated with albumin. Proteinuria was positively correlated with <jats:italic>Verrucomicrobia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coriobacteriia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Thermoleophilia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ignavibacteria<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coriobacteriales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nitrosomonadales<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coriobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>, but was negatively correlated with <jats:italic>Betaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Burkholderiales<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Alcaligenacea<\/jats:italic>e. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Our findings show compositional alterations of intestinal microbiota in adult patients with INS and correlations between significantly altered taxa and clinical parameters, which points out the direction for the development of new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches targeted intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8854969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:39:10Z","timestamp":1613781550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gut Microbiota Profile in Adult Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic 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