{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:55:44Z","timestamp":1762253744064,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased rate of respiratory tract infections. The objective was to compare demographic, clinical, serum biochemical, and typical and atypical radiological profiles among hospitalized diabetics and nondiabetics with lower respiratory tract infection. Material and Methods. A prospective, hospital-based, consecutive, comparative observational study of 12-month study duration was conducted. Patients aged 13\u201390 years diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infection with or without diagnosed diabetes mellitus participated in the study. Demographic, clinical, serum biochemistry, and radiological profiles of diabetics (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>44<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and nondiabetics (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>53<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) were compared. Results. Diabetics were older than nondiabetics at presentation (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Difference in mean random blood sugar (RBS) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.001<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.0001<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) was significant between diabetics and nondiabetics. Nondiabetics more frequently presented with fever (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>p<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.0032<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), chest pain (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>p<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.0002<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and hemoptysis (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>p<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.01<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) as compared to diabetics. Diabetics more frequently presented with extreme temperatures (hypothermia or hyperpyrexia) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mi>p<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.022<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), lower serum sodium levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <u:mi>p<\/u:mi>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>0.047<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and lower partial arterial pressure (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <w:mi>p<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mo>&lt;<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.001<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) than nondiabetics. The mean pneumonia patient outcomes research team (PORT) risk score was higher in diabetics (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <y:mn>124.84<\/y:mn>\n                        <y:mo>\u00b1<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>41.31<\/y:mn>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) compared to nondiabetics (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\">\n                        <ab:mn>77.85<\/ab:mn>\n                        <ab:mo>\u00b1<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>39.77<\/ab:mn>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M15\">\n                        <cb:mi>p<\/cb:mi>\n                        <cb:mo>&lt;<\/cb:mo>\n                        <cb:mn>0.001<\/cb:mn>\n                     <\/cb:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Diabetics more commonly displayed bilateral lesions with multilobe or lower lobe involvement, the most common type of lesion being exudative. Conclusion. Diabetic patients usually had severe pulmonary infection and poor prognosis as suggested by higher mean PORT risk score. They also more frequently presented with bilateral lesions with multilobe or lower lobe involvement as evidenced by radiography as compared to nondiabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8878746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1616273409000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical and Radiological Presentations of Various Pulmonary Infections in Hospitalized Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Prospective, Hospital-Based, Comparative, Case Series Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4454-2189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pravesh","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kauser","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-856X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jyoti","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6745-6235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rishi","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2360-7580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akshyaya","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30387-5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.06.012"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bmrcb.v38i3.14336"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jlprr.2017.04.00127"},{"key":"5","first-page":"22","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in tuberculosis (TB) patients: clinical and radiologic features in the TB-DM association based on a five-year hospital study","volume":"1","author":"J. 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