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La Vaque et al. criteria endorsed by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback and International Society for Neuroregulation &amp; Research were accepted as a means of study evaluation. Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback was found to be moderately supportable as a treatment of MDD while outcome measure was a subjective questionnaire like Beck Depression Inventory (level 3\/5, \u201cprobably efficacious\u201d). Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback protocols, namely, alpha-theta, alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm upregulation, all qualify for level 2\/5, \u201cpossibly efficacious.\u201d Frontal alpha asymmetry protocol also received limited evidence of effect in depression (level 2\/5, \u201cpossibly efficacious\u201d). Finally, the two most influential real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback protocols targeting the amygdala and the frontal cortices both demonstrate some effectiveness, though lack replications (level 2\/5, \u201cpossibly efficacious\u201d). Thus, neurofeedback specifically targeting depression is moderately supported by existing studies (all fit level 2\/5, \u201cpossibly efficacious\u201d). The greatest complication preventing certain protocols from reaching higher evidence levels is a relatively high number of uncontrolled studies and an absence of accurate replications arising from the heterogeneity in protocol details, course lengths, measures of improvement, control conditions, and sample characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8878857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T04:08:37Z","timestamp":1612498117000},"page":"1-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The Current Evidence Levels for Biofeedback and Neurofeedback Interventions in Treating Depression: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-1958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikhail Ye.","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofeedback Computer Systems Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Centre of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Efficacy of HRV-biofeedback as additional treatment of depression and PTSD","volume":"58","author":"K. 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