{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:33:09Z","timestamp":1787625189278,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Isatidis Radix, the dried root of Isatidis indigotica Fort, is a traditional heat-clearing and detoxicating herb, which has the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity and immune regulation. It has been widely used to treat cold, fever, sore throat, mumps, and tonsillitis in clinics. A previous study demonstrated that the acidic fraction of Isatidis Radix (RIAF) had strong anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism of action was not well elucidated. Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells were employed to observe the anti-inflammatory activity of RIAF. The level of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Western blot was performed to quantify the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1\/2, c-jun NH2-termianl kinase (JNK), p38, inducible NO synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, andnuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB). Immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to quantify the translocation and the binding-DNA activity of NF-\u03baB. RIAF could inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (PGE2, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and NO, other than TNF-\u03b1) in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS were downregulated by treatment with RIAF. Meanwhile, data from the signal pathway exhibited that RIAF significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1\/2, JNK, and p38 and reduced the translocation of NF-\u03baB from the cytoplasm to nucleus, as well as the binding-DNA activity. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of RIAF was to reduce inflammation-associated gene expression (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6) by regulating the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and interventing the activation of the NF-\u03baB pathway, which partly illustrated the basis of treatment of Isatidis Radix on cold, fever, sore throat, mumps, and tonsillitis in clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8879862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T19:20:13Z","timestamp":1615404013000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Acidic Fraction of Isatidis Radix Regulates Inflammatory Response in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages through MAPKs and NF-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-4531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0507-5242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liangliang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-8616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yage","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microsurgery, The Orthopaedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0963-6203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-4987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shengnan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-1272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2014.17.017"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.09.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-009-9164-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2012.09.009"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152612801319230"},{"issue":"20","key":"6","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Mechanism study of anti-influenza effects of Radix isatidis water extract by red blood cells capillary electrophoresis","volume":"31","author":"Z. 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