{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:07:31Z","timestamp":1792026451151,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014889","name":"Harbin University of Commerce","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020CX31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CX31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Sophora viciifolia<\/jats:italic> Hance is an edible plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Sophocarpine, a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid, is one of the most abundant active ingredients in <jats:italic>Sophora viciifolia<\/jats:italic> Hance. Here, we study the analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects, as well as the acute toxicity of sophocarpine from <jats:italic>Sophora viciifolia<\/jats:italic> Hance in mice. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80\u2009mg\/kgbw) significantly prolonged the delay period before a hot plate reaction occurred (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and the delay before a tail\u2010flick response was induced by a warm bath (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Sophocarpine (40, 80\u2009mg\/kg) resulted in dose\u2010dependent inhibition of the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Sophocarpine (80\u2009mg\/kg) reduced the total duration of a formalin\u2010induced pain response (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Sophocarpine prolonged the foot\u2010licking latency of mice after the hot plate reaction, and this effect was antagonized by calcium chloride and enhanced by verapamil. Sophocarpine (20, 40, and 80\u2009mg\/kg) significantly inhibited xylene\u2010induced ear edema (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively) and the penetration of acetic acid\u2010induced dye into the peritoneal cavity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively). It also reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106, and prostaglandin E2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and those of serum nitric oxide (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The results of this study suggest that sophocarpine possesses certain analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory activities, which may be related to calcium and inhibition of the secretion of inflammatory factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8893563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T19:50:07Z","timestamp":1636401007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Analgesic and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities of Sophocarpine from <i>Sophora viciifolia<\/i> Hance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"F. L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. X.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. B.","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. S.","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","volume-title":"Essential of medical pharmacology","author":"Tripathi K.-D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"S136","article-title":"Current therapeutic agents and treatment paradigms for the management of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Gibofsky A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"797","article-title":"HPLC fingerprint and contents of three kinds of alkaloids of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels","volume":"31","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natural Product Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","volume-title":"Methodology of pharmacological experiment","author":"Xu S.-Y.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1982-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570179416666190703115133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of Cicer arietinum L","volume":"31","author":"Masroor D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557516666161226155951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Study on analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of sophoramine","volume":"35","author":"Chen J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities of Tamarix dioica","volume":"32","author":"Iqbal A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5034-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1008-1238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03333-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02574J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666200106152631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.06.041"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/8893563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/8893563.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8893563","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T16:29:35Z","timestamp":1735662575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8893563"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ji-Fu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8893563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8893563","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8893563"}}