{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:55:15Z","timestamp":1787313315926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSNFW201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSNFW201901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common environmental pollutant found in a variety of foods and grains, and excessive OTA consumption causes serious global health effects on animals and humans. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural carotenoid that has anti\u2010inflammatory, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antidiabetes, and other biological activities. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of AST on OTA\u2010induced cecum injury and its mechanism of action. Eighty C57 mice were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group, OTA group (5\u2009mg\/kg body weight), AST group (100\u2009mg\/kg body weight), and AST intervention group (100\u2009mg\/kg body weight AST+5\u2009mg\/kg body weight OTA). It was found that AST decreased the endotoxin content, effectively prevented the shortening of mouse cecum villi, and increased the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins, consisting of occludin, claudin\u20101, and zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101). AST increased the number of goblet cells, the contents of mucin\u20102 (MUC2), and defensins (Defa5 and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010pD2) significantly, while the expression of mucin\u20101 (MUC1) decreased significantly. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that AST affected the richness and diversity of cecum flora, decreased the proportion of lactobacillus, and also decreased the contents of short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetate and butyrate). In addition, AST significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and p\u2010p65, while increasing the expression of p65. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory factors including TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and INF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased, while the expression of IL\u201010 increased. In conclusion, AST reduced OTA\u2010induced cecum injury by regulating the cecum barrier function and TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B signaling pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8894491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T19:53:47Z","timestamp":1609962827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Astaxanthin Alleviates Ochratoxin A\u2010Induced Cecum Injury and Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the Diversity of Cecal Microbiota and TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\n                    <i>\u03ba<\/i>\n                    B Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Yueli","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2965-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0761-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8040111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7750-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.03.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx200430f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1794-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.27222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49471-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TOXINS 2017 9 Response of intestinal bacterial flora to the long-term feeding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in mice","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9100317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3623274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0464-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2007.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10010013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","article-title":"Gut derived-endotoxin contributes to inflammation in severe ischemic acute kidney injury","volume":"20","author":"Jiangtao L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11090540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0202-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","article-title":"Tight junction proteins and signaling pathways in cancer and inflammation: a functional crosstalk","volume":"9","author":"Bhat A. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1373208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11110633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328136c580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02272-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO02002C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00753-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2015.00075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02555C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7084734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2011.01086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.8292615x"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/8894491.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/8894491.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8894491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T14:56:47Z","timestamp":1723042607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8894491"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"L szl","family":"Vir g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8894491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8894491","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8894491"}}