{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:57:01Z","timestamp":1774439821409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Projects","award":["2017YFC1703904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1703904"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Projects","award":["2020-SF-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-SF-C33"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Projects","award":["2020YFQ0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFQ0032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011501","name":"QingHai Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1703904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1703904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011501","name":"QingHai Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-SF-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-SF-C33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011501","name":"QingHai Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFQ0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFQ0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1703904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1703904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-SF-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-SF-C33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFQ0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFQ0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis is one of the factors threatening human health. It is very important to find drugs for the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Tibetan medicine is one of the traditional medical systems in China. It has rich experience in treating various diseases. This paper summarizes the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis through literature review of Tibetan medicine monographs, drug standards, Tibetan medicine, and prescriptions. In the Tibetan medicine system, 170 kinds of Tibetan medicine and 38 kinds of Tibetan prescriptions were found to treat cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Among them, there are 35 modern researches related to the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Their names, families, medicinal parts, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities are introduced in detail. These Tibetan medicines and prescriptions may be a precious gift of ancient Tibetan medicine to the world, and may also become potential drug candidates for the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Modern phytochemistry, pharmacology, metabonomics, and\/or clinical trials can be used to confirm its medicinal value in the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, identify active compounds, clarify its potential mechanism of action, and clarify its toxicity and side effects. This article provides a new idea and source for the treatment of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9502609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1633033547000},"page":"1-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Treatment of Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis by Tibetan Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8963-3327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-8185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-1505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xianrong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-9480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renqing","family":"Dongzhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai (Tso-Ngo) University Tibetan Medical College, Xining 810000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinkui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Jiumei Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qieni","family":"Xiangmao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Jiumei Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-5407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiumei","family":"Pengcuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Jiumei Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1152-y","article-title":"Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"14","author":"K. Yasutoshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.24"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08349-6"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000235"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69044-2"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"166","article-title":"Research progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of cholelithiasis","volume":"33","author":"J. H. Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"8","first-page":"72","article-title":"Clinical experience in treating cholelithiasis with the method of soothing liver and discharging heat","volume":"37","author":"M. M. Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"9","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of Tibetan medicine preventing and curing metabolic syndrome from the \u201cThree Gastropyretie\u201d theory and intestinal flora","volume":"34","author":"C. Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"key":"10","first-page":"45","article-title":"Review of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of some hepatobiliary diseases","volume":"2","author":"X. Y. Xu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"issue":"2","key":"11","article-title":"The understanding of Tibetan medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis and gallstones","volume":"18","author":"J. L. Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"12","first-page":"58","article-title":"Clinical experience of treating cholelithiasis with Tibetan Medicine","volume":"4","author":"D. K. Wan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"13","volume-title":"Dictionary of Chinese Ethnic Medicine","author":"M. R. Jia","year":"2016"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00029"},{"key":"15","first-page":"21","article-title":"Assessment of the anti inflammatory effect of Swertia chirata in acute and chronic experimental models in male albino rats","volume":"32","author":"B. Shivaji","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"16","first-page":"296","article-title":"Studies on chemical constituents of essential oil from Swertia chirayita","volume":"2","author":"G. F. Shi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica"},{"key":"17","first-page":"5","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacology of Swertia","volume":"1","author":"Y. Y. Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Wild Plant Resources"},{"issue":"4","key":"18","first-page":"173","article-title":"Study on hepatoprotective and cholagogic activities of ethanol extract from Gentiana scabra","volume":"32","author":"L. Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Xingtai University"},{"issue":"9","key":"19","first-page":"224","article-title":"Extraction and antibacterial activity of total flavonoids from different parts of Gentiana scabra","volume":"41","author":"H. Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"184","article-title":"Swertianlarin, isolated from Swertia mussotii Franch, increases detoxification enzymes and efflux transporters expression in rats","volume":"8","author":"X. C. Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"21","first-page":"567","article-title":"Research progress of Swertia mussotii","volume":"35","author":"H. X. Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"West China Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","first-page":"176","article-title":"Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications of Swertia mussotii","volume":"27","author":"X. H. Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs & Clinic"},{"key":"23","first-page":"55","article-title":"Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological actions of Swertia mussotil","volume":"4","author":"L. Jing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry"},{"key":"24","first-page":"16","article-title":"Separating the efficious composition from Swetiamussotii Franch and determining its bacteriostasis","volume":"1","author":"Z. N. Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Qinghai University"},{"issue":"3","key":"25","first-page":"595","article-title":"Study on chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Tibetan folk medicine Swertia mussotii Franch","volume":"20","author":"Y. P. Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"26","volume-title":"Isolation and Identification of Chemical Constituents from Swertia Mussotii Franch and Their Inhibitory Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria of Cholecystitis","author":"X. J. Zhao","year":"2016"},{"key":"27","first-page":"38","article-title":"The experimental study on the anti-inflammatory action of Swertia punicea","volume":"05","author":"H. J. Qiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Dali University"},{"issue":"7","key":"28","first-page":"72","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacological action and clinical application of Tibetan medicine Swertia mussotii and its homologous plants","volume":"17","author":"B. G. Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"29","volume-title":"Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Swertia Punicea and Gossypium Hirsutum","author":"L. Y. Mu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"30","first-page":"19","article-title":"Comparison of bile secretion of rats by the effects of aconite, green skin, Rosa, Yinchen and Swertia Swertia","volume":"13","author":"Y. H. Sui","year":"1993","journal-title":"Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"31","volume-title":"Analysis, Metabolism and Physiological Roles of Conjugated Linolenic Acid","author":"G. F. Yuan","year":"2008"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/789764"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006458"},{"key":"34","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Tibetan Medicinal A.Tanguticum and Anti-HSV-2 Activity of Tibetan Medicinal L. Brevituba","author":"Y. H. Fu","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"35","first-page":"427","article-title":"The effect of total alkaloids of herba aconiti on inflaammatory factor of arthritis-model rats","volume":"18","author":"R. Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"36","volume-title":"Extraction, Separation and Pharmacological Activities of Alkaloids in Aconitum Tanguticum","author":"G. T. Wu","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"37","first-page":"28","article-title":"Acute toxicityand anti-inflammatory or analgesic effects of total alkaloids of Aconitum tanguticum in mice","volume":"26","author":"G. T. Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy"},{"key":"38","first-page":"192","article-title":"Study on the anti-inflammatory effects of hypecoumrectum alcohol extract","volume":"3","author":"P. Y. Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chinese High Altitude Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"39","first-page":"59","article-title":"Preliminary study on pharmacological action of Mongolian medicine Hypecoumrectum","volume":"21","author":"L. Mei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"40","first-page":"58","article-title":"Selection of effective parts in fructus illicii veri","volume":"2","author":"J. Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"41","first-page":"754","article-title":"Protection effect of herb of thinfruit hypecoum (X\u00ec Gu\u01d2 Ji\u01ceo Hu\u00ed Xi\u0101n\u0261) alcohol extract on endotoxin induced inflammatory mice","volume":"32","author":"X. J. Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Suzhou University Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/bmbrep.2012.45.2.108"},{"issue":"27","key":"43","first-page":"10986","article-title":"Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of alkaloids from Illicium verum L","volume":"41","author":"P. T. Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"44","first-page":"2412","article-title":"Study on anti-inflammatory effect of the total alkaloids on herba aconiti","volume":"20","author":"Y. Qu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"45","first-page":"274","article-title":"Composition determination of the cholic acid in bile powders from four different animals and comparison of their pharmacological actions","volume":"31","author":"H. Y. Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Wannan Medical College"},{"issue":"2","key":"46","first-page":"89","article-title":"Studies on anti-inflammatory effects of pig bile powder","volume":"41","author":"C. Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hebei Agricultural University"},{"key":"47","volume-title":"Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Conjugated Cholesteric Acids in Pig Bile Powder","author":"J. He","year":"2012"},{"key":"48","first-page":"49","article-title":"Effect of alcohol exctract of bile on digestive system","volume":"4","author":"Z. Q. Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"49","volume-title":"Studies on the Therapeutic Action and Mechanism of TCDCA in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats","author":"M. Q. Liu","year":"2012"},{"key":"50","volume-title":"Dictionary of Modern Chinese Medicine","author":"L. R. Song","year":"2001"},{"key":"51","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of radix gentianae macrophyllae (qinjiao), rhizoma coptidis (huanglian) and citri unshiu pericarpium (wenzhou migan) in animal models","volume":"3","author":"S. K. Kyoung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"52","first-page":"635","article-title":"Isolation, purification, structure characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity of Gentiana crassicaulis polysaccharides","volume":"52","author":"S. P. Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"53","first-page":"341","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of G.macrophyllaPall flower and G.stramineaMaxim flower","volume":"27","author":"X. X. Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.10.004"},{"issue":"14","key":"55","first-page":"8","article-title":"Study on the pharmacological effects of the aqueous extracts from the root and stem of Rosa laevigata","volume":"3","author":"Y. Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"China's traditional Chinese medicine information"},{"issue":"5","key":"56","first-page":"33+35","article-title":"Experimental study on antiinflammation effects of jinyingzi","volume":"20","author":"J. M. Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy"},{"key":"57","first-page":"523","article-title":"Investigation on the mechanism of potassium nitrate for concretion","volume":"9","author":"Z. S. Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"58","first-page":"19","article-title":"Research on anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities between ixeris chinensis and s.brachyotus","volume":"17","author":"H. X. Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"59","volume-title":"Comparative Study on Major Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ixeris Chinensis (Thumb.) Nakai and Sonchus Brachyoutus DC","author":"H. X. Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"60","volume-title":"Study on Composition Analysis and Pharmacological Effects between Rabbit Bile Powder and Bear Bile Powder","author":"W. M. Tan","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"61","first-page":"175","article-title":"Determination of total cholic acid in bear bile powder, porcine gall powder, ox bile powder and chicken bile powder and study on the bacteriostatic action of these bile powder","volume":"32","author":"H. Y. Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080546698-7"},{"key":"63","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effect of xiongdan Capsule on prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstone","volume":"5","author":"Y. P. Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"64","first-page":"461","article-title":"Study on anti-inflammatory effects of total alkaloids extracted from meconopsis quintuplinervia regel","volume":"32","author":"R. X. Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Traditional Chinese Drug Research & Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.12.026"},{"issue":"11","key":"66","first-page":"38","article-title":"Anti inflammatory effect of total flavonoids from Saxifraga kansuensis on mice","volume":"49","author":"W. Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary"},{"key":"67","volume-title":"Studies on the Chemical Constituents and Activity of Saxifraga Tangutica Engl.","author":"Y. L. Li","year":"2011"},{"key":"68","first-page":"35","article-title":"Analgesic and anti inflammatory effects of Corydalis pallidus","volume":"5","author":"J. S. Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"69","first-page":"888","article-title":"Study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of alkaloids of corydalis adunca maxim","volume":"12","author":"L. Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"China Pharmacy"},{"key":"70","volume-title":"Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Gentiana Striata Maxim","author":"F. H. Cao","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"71","first-page":"97","article-title":"Study on anti inflammatory and analgesic effects of gentianopsis paludosa in mice","volume":"29","author":"X. W. Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"72","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Studies of the antimicrobial activity of gentianopsis paludosa","volume":"10","author":"H. D. Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-7824(03)00174-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"74","first-page":"346","article-title":"Isolation and identification of active ingredients with gallbladder effects from Gentianopsis paludosaMa","volume":"28","author":"Y. Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/jophas.v5i2.48477","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Abrus precatorious","volume":"5","author":"U. O. Georgewill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00001"},{"issue":"1","key":"77","first-page":"8","article-title":"The pharmacological studies of abrine","volume":"15","author":"Z. X. Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy"},{"issue":"7","key":"78","first-page":"50","article-title":"Efficacy of the Jigucao decoction on jaundice after choledocholithiasis surgery","volume":"12","author":"S. C. Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i39.6618"},{"key":"80","volume-title":"Anisodamine Accelerates Spontaneous Passage of Single Symptomatic Commonbile Duct Stones \u2264 10 Mm","author":"J. W. Shi","year":"2017"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v17.i26.2748"},{"issue":"16","key":"82","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical observation of Anisodamine Hydrobromide Injection on the excretion of small common bile duct stones","volume":"17","author":"H. P. Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Medical Herald"},{"issue":"8","key":"83","first-page":"1883","article-title":"Study on cholagogic effect of different methods of Radix Bupleuri extract in rats","volume":"22","author":"Y. Z. Zhuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"84","first-page":"140","article-title":"The influences of bupleurum polyclonum on liver regeneration and bile secretion","volume":"11","author":"C. Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"85","volume-title":"Study on the Cholagogic Mechanism of Saikosaponins from Bupleuri Radix Based on Fxr Receptor","author":"L. Wu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"86","first-page":"526","article-title":"Comparative study on the antipyretic and analgesic effects between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum marginatum Wall.ex DC","volume":"33","author":"S. M. Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"47","key":"87","first-page":"4442","article-title":"Study on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of bupleurum chinense and B. Marginatum","volume":"23","author":"H. Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Pharmacy"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50115a023"},{"issue":"9","key":"89","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Comparison of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of bupleurum marginatum wall. Ex DC. And bupleurum chinense DC","volume":"33","author":"T. Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Herald of Medicine"},{"key":"90","volume-title":"Comparation Study on the Quality of Bupleurum in Northwest Hubei Province with Bupleurum Chinese DC","author":"S. M. Du","year":"2013"},{"key":"91","first-page":"33","article-title":"Comparison of pharmacological effects between leopard bone and lynx bone","volume":"08","author":"J. Z. Li","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials"},{"key":"92","volume-title":"Studies on the Separation of Chemical Constituents of Solanum Lyratum Thunb. and the Interaction of Pharmacodynamics","author":"X. X. Zhou","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"93","first-page":"977","article-title":"The research progress of chemical constituents and biological activities of Anemone","volume":"21","author":"S. W. Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"94","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Study on the Local Medicinal Materials in Guangdong Province","author":"Q. X. Mei","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"95","first-page":"94","article-title":"Evaluation on antioxidant and anti-inflammation in vitro of extracts of three solanum nigrum L. Berries","volume":"36","author":"R. Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Modern Food Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"96","first-page":"53","article-title":"An experimental study on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of Sophora davidii stems and leaves","volume":"30","author":"X. J. Mao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica"},{"issue":"2","key":"97","first-page":"44","article-title":"Study on the pharmacodynamics of Sophora davidii stems","volume":"30","author":"X. J. Mao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica"},{"key":"98","first-page":"63","article-title":"Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory and anti allergic effects of Davidii Stems","volume":"1","author":"M. Wen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica"},{"issue":"7","key":"99","first-page":"140","article-title":"Advances in the study of effective components and pharmacological action of dandelion","volume":"22","author":"W. J. Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"100","first-page":"519","article-title":"Pharmacological research progress of dandelion","volume":"8","author":"Y. L. Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"key":"101","volume-title":"The Choleretic Effect of Taraxacum Extractives in AcOEt on the Nuclear Receptor FXR","author":"W. S. Wu","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"102","first-page":"979","article-title":"Xanthonoids and iridoid glycosides from Swertia punicea Hemsl","volume":"22","author":"L. Y. Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Natural Product Research and Development"},{"key":"103","first-page":"27","article-title":"The experimental study of the cholagogic action Swertia punicea","volume":"5","author":"F. Peng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Dali University"},{"key":"104","first-page":"189","article-title":"Experimental study on cholagogic effect of Swertia Punicea","volume":"4","author":"F. Peng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sichuan Journal of Physiological Sciences"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600651037"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-014-0717-5"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.02.005"},{"issue":"15","key":"108","first-page":"45","article-title":"The treatment of urinary stone with fire and nitrate","volume":"16","author":"L. C. Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Capital Food Medicine"},{"key":"109","first-page":"40","article-title":"Treatment of psoriasis and lithiasis with saltpeter","volume":"17","year":"2008","journal-title":"Capital Food Medicine"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mc.2004.1297305"},{"key":"111","first-page":"37","article-title":"Treatment of 38 cases of urinary calculi with saltpeter","volume":"2","author":"Z. S. Yuan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"112","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinical observation and experimental study on treatment of cholelithiasis with saltpeter tablets","volume":"3","author":"X. D. Zhang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"113","first-page":"25","article-title":"Clinical observation on the treatment of cholelithiasis with saltpeter tablets","volume":"1","author":"X. D. Zhang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"114","first-page":"8","article-title":"Study on the isolation, identification and content determination of water soluble components in the root of Anisodamine","volume":"11","author":"L. X. Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacy and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"issue":"5","key":"115","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Analysis of alkaloids from the roots of wild Anisodamine","volume":"26","author":"Y. B. Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"116","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effect of anisodamine combined with ketorolac tromethamine in the treatment of biliary colic caused by gallstones","volume":"32","author":"G. L. Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Chinese People\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"117","first-page":"2119","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and atropine intramuscular injection in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in the elderly","volume":"40","author":"W. Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research"},{"key":"118","first-page":"52","article-title":"Atropine combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of 45 cases of gall colic","volume":"5","author":"Y. Q. Jiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal of Metallurgical Industry"},{"key":"119","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical observation of atropine combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of 48 cases of biliary colic","volume":"3","author":"L. Y. Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Youjiang Medical Journal"},{"key":"120","first-page":"26","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of atropine combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of 93 cases of gall colic","volume":"1","author":"G. S. Kong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Practical Journal of Rural Doctor"},{"key":"121","first-page":"364","article-title":"Clinical observation of atropine combined with dexamethasone in the treatment of 43 cases of biliary colic","volume":"6","author":"Y. B. Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of New Medicine"},{"key":"122","first-page":"733","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy through umbilical cord for chronic cholecystitis with gallstone","volume":"10","author":"H. D. Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hepatobiliary Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"123","first-page":"72","article-title":"Application effect of holistic nursing in laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with Tibetan medicine Shiwei Heibingpian pill in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis","volume":"27","author":"C. C. Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.41_13571"},{"issue":"12","key":"125","first-page":"25","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 52 cases of chronic cholecystitis with Tibetan Medicine","volume":"19","author":"H. F. Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"key":"126","first-page":"11","article-title":"Clinical observation on 52 cases of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis treated with Tibetan Medicine","volume":"2","author":"W. M. Niu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine & Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities"},{"issue":"9","key":"127","first-page":"59","article-title":"Clinical analysis of treating chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis with Tibetan Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Z. M. Yangzhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Disease Electronic Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"128","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Experimental study on Mongolian medicine Wuwei Qingzhuo powder and Shiwei Heibing tablet powder against Helicobacter pylori","volume":"20","author":"N. L. Siqingtu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis"},{"issue":"7","key":"129","first-page":"537","article-title":"80 cases of chronic cholecystitis treated with modified Bawei Zhangyacai powder","volume":"44","author":"H. Y. Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"130","first-page":"253","article-title":"Protective effects of eight kinds of swertia powder on acute liver damage in mice","volume":"32","author":"Y. Q. Na","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese High Altitude Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"131","first-page":"55","article-title":"Summarization of researches on alkaloids and pharmacological activities of Berberis plants","volume":"24","author":"D. X. Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ginseng Research"},{"key":"132"},{"key":"133","volume-title":"Chinese Herbalism for Tibetan Medicine","author":"D. S. Luo","year":"1997"},{"key":"134","volume-title":"New Application of Berberine: Lipids Lowerirng Effect and Molecular Meehanism","author":"W. J. Kong","year":"2004"},{"key":"135","volume-title":"Mechanism of Berberine Inhibiting Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in Rabbits","author":"J. H. Wang","year":"2007"},{"key":"136","volume-title":"The Mechanisms on the Prevention of Gallstone Formation by Berberine in Mice","author":"Q. H. Wang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"137","first-page":"299","article-title":"Toxicity study on Aconitum drug and overview on Aconitum tanguticum (maxim.) Stapf","volume":"14","author":"Q. W. Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food and Drug"},{"issue":"1","key":"138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.12.027","article-title":"Evidence-based toxicity evaluation and scheduling of Chinese herbal medicines","volume":"146","author":"J. Y. K. Ellie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"139","first-page":"50","article-title":"Toxicity and effect of Safflower on pregnancy and embryonic development in rats","volume":"4","author":"B. H. Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"140","first-page":"2274","article-title":"Study on selective expression of toxicity in pregnant mice of Flos Carthami","volume":"38","author":"Y. L. Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22606\/mcmr.2018.23002"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/9502609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/9502609.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/9502609.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T20:27:36Z","timestamp":1633033656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/9502609\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":141,"alternative-id":["9502609","9502609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9502609","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}}}