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The Tfh cells are characterized by the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), programmed death 1 (PD-1), inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS), B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), and the secretion of interleukin-21 (IL-21). Given the important role of Tfh cells in B cell activation and high-affinity antibody production, Tfh cells are involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) are the most studied types of IBD. Dysregulated mucosal immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. In recent years, many studies have identified the critical role of Tfh cells and IL-21 in the pathogenic process IBD. In this paper, we will discuss the role of Tfh cells and IL-21 in IBD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9621738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T17:07:36Z","timestamp":1629738456000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Interleukin-21 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5946-7770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lulu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-8136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruixue","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6367-4764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-606X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dashan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3554"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12740"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111752"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.651415"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i35.4014"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mib.0000235827.21778.d5"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.06.004"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01212"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2018.16.1.26"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.10.011"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12744"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01858"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9167-9_6","article-title":"In vitro differentiation of effector CD4+ T helper cell subsets","volume":"1960","author":"K. 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