{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T22:34:26Z","timestamp":1778193266998,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mizan-Tepi University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The evolution of resistance to currently used malaria medicines together with the severe economic burden of malaria initiates the search for novel antimalarial drugs. Thus, the present experiment was intended to assess the in vivo antiplasmodial effect of Gardenia ternifolia based on the traditional claims and in vitro antimalarial effect of the plant. Methods. For the crude extraction of stem barks of G. ternifolia, a cold maceration method using hydromethanol as a solvent was employed. The hydroalcoholic extract was then fractionated by three solvents (chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous solvent) with different polarity indexes. Swiss albino mice infected with the chloroquine-sensitive malaria parasite (Plasmodium berghei) were used in this study. Acute oral toxicity study was done according to standard protocols. Four-day suppressive (hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions), Rane\u2019s (crude extract), and repository (crude extract) tests were used to examine the antiplasmodial effects of the study plant. Results. The chemosuppressive study revealed that all doses of the crude extract and its fractions displayed a significant<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><a:mrow><a:mi>P<\/a:mi><a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn><\/a:mrow><\/a:mfenced><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>inhibition of parasitemia compared with the vehicle (negative control). The crude extract\u2019s highest dose (600\u2009mg\/kg) showed the maximum (57.84%) parasitemia suppression during the chemosuppressive test. The crude extract also produced significant<jats:inline-formula><f:math xmlns:f=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><f:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\"><f:mrow><f:mi>P<\/f:mi><f:mo>&lt;<\/f:mo><f:mn>0.001<\/f:mn><\/f:mrow><\/f:mfenced><\/f:math><\/jats:inline-formula>curative and prophylactic effects at all doses in Rane\u2019s and repository tests compared with the negative control. In the 4-day test, the n-butanol fraction produced parasitemia suppression higher than the chloroform fraction but lower than the crude extract. Of these, water fractions demonstrated the lowest chemosuppressive effect. Anthraquinone, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids were qualitatively detected in the plant material. Conclusion. The current results showed that the hydromethanolic extract and fractions of G. ternifolia stem barks have antiplasmodial action with a high curative effect. Chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more active among the fractions, indicating that the nonpolar and semipolar constituents of the plant are responsible for the antimalarial effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9625169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T17:21:00Z","timestamp":1630603260000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antiplasmodial Activity of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Stem Barks of Gardenia ternifolia in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-8376","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dejen","family":"Nureye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muktar","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mesfin","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Duguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. 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