{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:10:31Z","timestamp":1777662631638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71974081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71974081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71704066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71704066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71971100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71971100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Using a pump in reverse mode as a hydraulic turbine remains an alternative for hydropower generation in meeting energy needs, especially for the provision of electricity to remote and rural settlements. The primary challenge with small hydroelectric systems is attributed to the high price of smaller size hydraulic turbines. A specific commercial pump model, with a flow rate of 12.5\u2009m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/h, head 32\u2009m, pressure side diameter of 50\u2009mm, impeller out, and inlet diameters of 160\u2009mm and 6\u2009mm, respectively, was chosen for this research. This research aimed to investigate a pump\u2019s flow characteristics as a turbine to help select a suitable pump to be used as a turbine for micro\u2010 or small hydropower construction. Numerical methodologies have been adopted to contribute to the thoughtful knowledge of pressure and velocity distribution in the pump turbine performance. In this study, the unsteady flow relations amongst the rotating impeller and stationary volute of the centrifugal pump made up four blades and four splitters. Intermittent simulation results of pressure and velocity flow characteristics were studied considering diverse impeller suction angles. The study was conducted by considering a wide range of rotational speeds starting from 750\u2009rpm to 3250\u2009rpm. From the results, it was found that PAT operation was improved when operated at low speeds compared to high\u2010speed operation. Thus, speeds between 1500\u2009rpm and 2000\u2009rpm were suitable for PAT performance. This research helps to realize the unsteady flow physiognomies, which provide information for future research on PAT. This study makes useful facts available which could be helpful for the pump turbine development. Future studies should focus on cost analysis and emission generation in energy generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9695452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T17:35:33Z","timestamp":1629567333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Numerical Simulation and Computational Flow Characterization Analyses of Centrifugal Pump Operating as Turbine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Du","family":"Jianguo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ransford","family":"Darko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A. S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric O.","family":"Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2234782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1366322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Experimental investigation of centrifugal pump working as turbine for small hydropower systems","volume":"1","author":"Nautiyal H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","volume-title":"Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps, Design and Applications","author":"Stepanoff A. J.","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Convert pumps to turbines and recovers HP","volume":"41","author":"Childs S.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Hydrocarbon Processing and Petroleum Refiner"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","volume-title":"Small Hydroelectric Projects\u2014Use of Centrifugal Pumps as Turbines","author":"Sharma R. K.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","unstructured":"GopalakrishnanS. Power recovery turbines for the process industry Proceedings of the Third International Pump Symposium September 1986 Houston TX USA Texas A&M University 3\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"30","article-title":"Verwendung von kreiselpumpen als turbinen","volume":"12","author":"Diederich H.","year":"1967","journal-title":"KSB Techn Ber"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","volume-title":"Conversion of Pumps to Turbines","author":"Grover K.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.04.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"Numerical simulation of flow-induced vibration of double-suction centrifugal pump as turbine","volume":"37","author":"Luo B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal Drainage Irrigation Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HossainI. M. FerdousS. andJamalT. Pump-as-turbine (PAT) for small-scale power generation: a comparative analysis Proceedings of the 2014 3rd International Conference on the IEEE Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET) May 2014 Dhaka Bangladesh 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icdret.2014.6861698.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDRET.2014.6861698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","article-title":"Manual on pumps used as turbines","volume":"11","author":"Chapallaz J.-M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vieweg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2008.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2017.01.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","unstructured":"GantarM. Propeller pumps running as turbines Proceedings of the Conference on Hydraulic Machinery August 1988 Ljubljana Slovenia 237\u2013248."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-85461-076-1.50034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mset.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4364912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5984804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8816334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.07.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1467565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6180135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/22\/5\/052003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","article-title":"Small hydropower by using pump as turbine for power generation in Southern Africa","volume":"118","author":"Jinfeng Z.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Science"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/9695452.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/9695452.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/9695452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T21:40:17Z","timestamp":1723239617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/9695452"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/9695452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9695452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9695452"}}