{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:47:38Z","timestamp":1792799258575,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune condition defined by a complex pathobiology, comprising excessive fibrosis of skin and internal organs, peripheral vasculopathy with endothelial cell dysfunction, inadequate vascular repair and neovascularization, and aberrant immunity. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with pleiotropic effects beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone homeostasis. Since vitamin D has immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and antifibrotic properties, it could potentially interfere with SSc pathogenesis. Suboptimal vitamin D levels are classically recognized in scleroderma, irrespective of clinical and serological phenotype. Aim. This systematic review is aimed at investigating and clarifying the role of vitamin D in SSc and emphasizing the association of vitamin D status with different clinical settings. Methods and Results. A systematic online search was performed, using PubMed databases to collect articles on the topic of vitamin D in SSc. The final analysis included 40 eligible articles. Conclusions. Hypovitaminosis D is common in SSc patients and could be associated with clinical and serologic patterns of the disease. Intervention for low serum vitamin D levels in SSc pathogenesis remains controversial, as well as the significance of vitamin D supplementation in such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9782994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1638231606000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Role of Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-7909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra-Diana","family":"Diaconu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Rheumatology Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-4531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iustina","family":"Ostafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Rheumatology Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-9051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandr","family":"Ceasovschih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Clinic County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-2360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victori\u021ba","family":"\u0218orodoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Clinic County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-0645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Lionte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Clinic County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-8121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Codrina","family":"Ancu\u021ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Rheumatology Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7878-2300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren\u021biu","family":"\u0218orodoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Emergency Clinic County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33590\/emjrheumatol\/20-00073"},{"issue":"125","key":"2","first-page":"3","article-title":"One year in review 2020: systemic sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"M. Orlandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13963"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew212"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081287"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061618"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.95506"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050533"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020705"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001112"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061632"},{"issue":"3","key":"14","first-page":"48","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atheromatosis in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"125","author":"J. J. Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2072-y"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13554"},{"issue":"4","key":"17","first-page":"76","article-title":"Vitamin D increases the production of IL-10 by regulatory T cells in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"119","author":"D. Di Liberto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04401-w"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_328_17"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1500736"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120558"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179062"},{"issue":"4","key":"23","first-page":"530","article-title":"FGF-23, klotho and vitamin D levels in scleroderma","volume":"46","author":"R. Ahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S144860"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3797-z"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12794"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3535-z"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3622-9"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3412-9"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2015.0065"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122103"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbre.2016.05.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"33","first-page":"80","article-title":"Vitamin D antibodies in systemic sclerosis patients: findings and clinical correlations","volume":"17","author":"N. N. Carmel","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142748"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066991"},{"issue":"6","key":"36","first-page":"905","article-title":"Bone mass and vitamin D in patients with systemic sclerosis from two Spanish regions","volume":"30","author":"R. Rios-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2150-1"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21761"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1421-6"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.02.002"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110695"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1684-7"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1478-3"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091143"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090439"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.071171"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.108369"},{"issue":"6","key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555573449451","article-title":"Treatment of scleroderma with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: evaluation of skin involvement using non-invasive techniques. Results of an open prospective trial","volume":"73","author":"P. Humbert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex202"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.101474"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2019.80.11.658"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2019.80.9.530"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4569826"},{"issue":"3","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5301\/jsrd.5000214","article-title":"Current management of the gastrointestinal complications of systemic sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"A. Emmanuel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jsrd.5000214"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507886"},{"issue":"11","key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.124","article-title":"Scleroderma renal crisis and renal involvement in systemic sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"T. G. Woodworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Nephrology"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034"},{"key":"60","volume-title":"Systemic sclerosis","author":"R. Adigun","year":"2021"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-06-0591"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12698"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00483"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.84.56"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8718-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"66","first-page":"3","article-title":"One year in review 2018: systemic sclerosis","volume":"113","author":"M. Orlandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2021\/9782994.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2021\/9782994.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2021\/9782994.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T10:17:54Z","timestamp":1699870674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2021\/9782994\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vlad","family":"Padureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["9782994","9782994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9782994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-7156","2314-8861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-7156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2314-8861","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]}}}