{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:07:38Z","timestamp":1791234458495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Dexmedetomidine is a selective \u03b1-2 agonist commonly used for sedation that has been used in obstetric anesthesia for multimodal labor analgesia, postcesarean delivery analgesia, and perioperative shivering. This study evaluated the role of intravenous dexmedetomidine to provide rescue analgesia and\/or sedation during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. Methods. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of all parturients undergoing cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia between December 1, 2018, and November 30, 2019, who required supplemental analgesia during the procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who received intravenous dexmedetomidine (Dexmed group) and patients who received adjunct medications such as fentanyl, midazolam, ketamine, and nitrous oxide (Standard group). Primary outcome was incidence of conversion to general anesthesia. Results. During the study period, 107 patients received adjunct medications. There was no difference in conversion to general anesthesia between the Dexmed group and the Standard group (6% (4\/62) vs. 9% (4\/45); <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.718<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). In the Dexmed group, the mean dexmedetomidine dose received was 37\u2009\u03bcg (range 10 to 140\u2009\u03bcg). While the use of inotropic\/vasopressor medications was common and similar in both groups, there was an increase in the incidence of bradycardia (Dexmed 15% vs. Standard 2%; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.042<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) but not hypotension (Dexmed 24% vs. Standard 24%; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>1.00<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) in the Dexmed group. Conclusion. In patients who required supplemental analgesia for cesarean delivery, those who received dexmedetomidine versus other medications had a similar rate of conversion to general anesthesia, a statistically significant increase in bradycardia, but no difference in the incidence of hypotension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9887825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T19:05:31Z","timestamp":1640631931000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intravenous Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cesarean Delivery: A Retrospective Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans P.","family":"Sviggum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4793-9133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine W.","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam K.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4232-0718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester 55902, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000846","article-title":"Temporal trends in anesthesia-related adverse events in cesarean deliveries, New York state","volume":"123","author":"J. Guglielminotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e318190e16a"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05499.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aco.0b013e3283302339"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8858312"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2009.05.002"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2017.11.001"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000000710"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/xaa.0000000000000076"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.10.002"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/eja.0b000e000000f3fb"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2004.11.004"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354x.159470"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318290c566"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27619-3"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e31825681cb"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04685.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2012.06.010"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517698330"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517707113"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1059807"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjar.2017.04578"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000004027"},{"key":"24","article-title":"Intraoperative pain during caesarean delivery: incidence, risk factors and physician perception","volume":"26","author":"A. 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