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Most cases of embryo loss and\/or lost pregnancies occur during the first four to five weeks of gestation; accurate detection for pregnancy during this period is likely to contribute to an improvement in gestation rates. A specific protein, interferon\u2010tau (IFNT), stimulates interferon\u2010stimulated genes (ISGs), and their expression increases during gestation within 21 days after insemination. In bovines, the early conceptus undergoes a phase of rapid growth and elongation before implantation, the latter occurring 2\u20133 weeks after fertilization. IFNT acts mainly in the endometrium of the luminal epithelium. It is a new type I interferon that regulates several genes encoding uterine\u2010derived factors. They are crucial in the processes of preparing the uterus for placenta attachment, modifying the uterine immune system, and regulating early fetal development. Because IFNT is expressed and induces ISGs in the endometrium during pregnancy recognition, it was reasoned that surrogate markers for pregnancy or IFNT might be present in the blood and provide an indicator of pregnancy status in cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9915814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T01:12:36Z","timestamp":1630631556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Importance of Interferon\u2010Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1908-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3229-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Czerniawska-Pi\u0105tkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcjanna","family":"Wrzeci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-34.4.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74155-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2005.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD15366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(75)84773-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2529-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72430-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod64.2.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.8.4.8052267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.14.7882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9920335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.3.8603586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1998.0381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD06102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2009.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022516-022900"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22640"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","volume-title":"Range Beef Cow Symposium","author":"Geary T. 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