{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:25:20Z","timestamp":1757543120609,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622332800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Project","award":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61862046","CGZH2018124","2019GG376"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the development of wireless communication technology and the automobile industry, the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks bring many conveniences to humans in terms of safety and entertainment. In the process of communication between the nodes, security problems are the main concerns. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed technology used in nonsecure environments. Using blockchain technology in the VANETs can solve the security problems. However, the characteristics of highly dynamic and resource-constrained VANETs make the traditional chain blockchain system not suitable for actual VANETs scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight blockchain architecture using DAG-lattice structure for VANETs, called V-Lattice. In V-Lattice, each node (vehicle or roadside unit) has its own account chain. The transactions they generated can be added to the blockchain asynchronously and parallelly, and resource-constrained vehicles can store the pruned blockchain and execute blockchain related operations normally. At the same time, in order to encourage more nodes to participate in the blockchain, a reputation-based incentive mechanism is introduced in V-Lattice. This paper uses Colored Petri Nets to verify the security of the architecture and verifies the feasibility of PoW anti-spam through experiment. The validation results show that the architecture proposed in this paper is security, and it is feasible to prevent nodes from generating malicious behaviors by using PoW anti-spam.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9942632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T21:50:10Z","timestamp":1622411410000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["V-Lattice: A Lightweight Blockchain Architecture Based on DAG-Lattice Structure for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-0288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing, Hohhot 010021, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6660-5633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing, Hohhot 010021, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing, Hohhot 010021, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing, Hohhot 010021, China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5GWF.2019.8911664"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3745\/JIPS.03.0065"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719829677"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based secure internet of vehicles management framework","author":"M. 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