{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:35:18Z","timestamp":1790757318548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University Scientific Research Projects Commission","award":["2014\/55"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/55"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objectives. Turkey is one of the countries that has the most cases of CCHF in recent years among the endemic countries. The disease also poses an important health threat with high mortality rate. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CCHF in adults aged \u226520 years in Tokat in the endemic region, Turkey. Methods. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 85 Family Medicine Units (FMUs), from over 170 in Tokat, were randomly selected using 50% sampling. The sample size was determined among the subjects aged \u226520 who registered with the FMUs, due to gender, age group, and the urban\/rural population size of Tokat using the stratified cluster sampling method. Subjects were invited to the FMUs. A questionnaire was performed face to face. The blood samples were taken, and anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA method. Results. 1272 (54.9%) out of 2319 participants were female, and the mean age was 47.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915.3. Anti-CCHFV IgG seropositivity was 5.6% (n\u2009=\u2009130). Seropositivity rates in terms of adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were higher 2.53 times (95% CI: 1.57\u20134.08;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in males; 4.05 (95% CI: 2.14\u20137.65;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in age group \u226565; 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14\u20130.76;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.001<\/e:mn>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in graduates of high school and above; 0.71 (95%CI: 0.33\u20131.52;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn>\n                      <\/g:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in ones with good income; 1.84 (95%CI: 1.18\u20132.86;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.001<\/i:mn>\n                      <\/i:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in farmers; 1.64 (95% CI: 1.04\u20132.27;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.001<\/k:mn>\n                      <\/k:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in people dealing with animal husbandry; and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.03\u20132.29;\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>p<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>&lt;<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.001<\/m:mn>\n                      <\/m:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) in those with history of tick contact. Conclusions. CCHF seroprevalence is still a common public health problem in Tokat, Turkey. Male gender, advanced age group, low-educated, low-income, farmers, animal husbandry, and history of tick contact were found to be risk factors for CCHF. The importance of this kind of community-based studies to identify the seroprevalence in regional and national level increases even more.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9945089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1621284609000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean\u2013Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-0195","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R\u0131za","family":"\u00c7\u0131t\u0131l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-7538","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00fccahit","family":"E\u011fri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6216-513X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","family":"\u00d6nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0383-2887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fazilet","family":"Duygu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-2525","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunus Emre","family":"Bulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Specialist, Ankara Public Health Directorate, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0483-5331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00d6zkan","family":"Ya\u015fayancan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Specialist, Samsun Public Health Directorate, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2145-9825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nagehan","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00c7eltek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-0191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u015eafak","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokat, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.05.019"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2019.09.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.05.010"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2020.19176"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.12.003"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.03.001"},{"issue":"11","key":"7","first-page":"72","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever in slaughterhouse workers in north eastern Iran","volume":"41","author":"S. 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