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This study investigated changes in small-world topology and brain functional connectivity in patients with optic neuritis (ON) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and based on graph theory. Methods. A total of 21 patients with ON (8 males and 13 females) and 21 matched healthy control subjects (8 males and 13 females) were enrolled and underwent rs-fMRI. Data were preprocessed and the brain was divided into 116 regions of interest. Small-world network parameters and area under the integral curve (AUC) were calculated from pairwise brain interval correlation coefficients. Differences in brain network parameter AUCs between the 2 groups were evaluated with the independent sample\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>t<\/a:mi>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    -test, and changes in brain connection strength between ON patients and control subjects were assessed by network-based statistical analysis. Results. In the sparsity range from 0.08 to 0.48, both groups exhibited small-world attributes. Compared to the control group, global network efficiency, normalized clustering coefficient, and small-world value were higher whereas the clustering coefficient value was lower in ON patients. There were no differences in characteristic path length, local network efficiency, and normalized characteristic path length between groups. In addition, ON patients had lower brain functional connectivity strength among the rolandic operculum, medial superior frontal gyrus, insula, median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, amygdala, superior parietal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, lenticular nucleus, pallidum, superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum compared to the control group (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Conclusion. Patients with ON show typical \u201csmall world\u201d topology that differed from that detected in HC brain networks. The brain network in ON has a small-world attribute but shows reduced and abnormal connectivity compared to normal subjects and likely causes symptoms of cognitive impairment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9948751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T12:50:09Z","timestamp":1623761409000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Altered Small-World Functional Network Topology in Patients with Optic Neuritis: A Resting-State fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710049, China"},{"name":"Department of Equipment, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, 710004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 Shaanxi, 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