{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:49:31Z","timestamp":1774691371496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":248,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National University Development Program 2019"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Schizencephaly is a rare congenital malformation that causes motor impairment. To determine the treatment strategy, each domain of the motor functions should be appropriately evaluated. We correlated a color map of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with the hand function test (HFT) to identify the type of hand function that each test (DTI and TMS) reflects. Further, we attempted to demonstrate the motor neuron organization in schizencephaly. <jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>. This retrospective study was conducted on 12 patients with schizencephaly. TMS was conducted in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI), biceps (BB), and deltoid muscles of the upper extremity, and contralateral MEP (cMEP) and ipsilateral MEP (iMEP) were recorded. The HFT included the grip strength, box and block (B&amp;B), and 9\u2010hole peg test. The schizencephalic cleft was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging, and the corticospinal tract (CST) was identified using the color map of DTI. The symmetry indices for the peduncle and CST at pons level were calculated as the ratios of the cross\u2010sectional area of the less\u2010affected side and that of the more\u2010affected side. <jats:italic>Result<\/jats:italic>. In the more\u2010affected hemisphere TMS, no iMEP was obtained. In the less\u2010affected hemisphere TMS, the iMEP response was detected in 9 patients and cMEP in all patients, which was similar to the pattern observed in unilateral lesion. Paretic hand grip strength was strongly correlated with the presence of iMEP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044). The symmetry index of the color map of DTI was significantly correlated with the B&amp;B (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.416), whereas the symmetry index of the peduncle was not correlated with all HFTs. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. In patients with schizencephaly, the iMEP response rate is correlated with the hand function related to strength, while the symmetricity of the CST by the color map of DTI is correlated with the hand function associated with dexterity. Additionally, we suggest the possible motor organization pattern of schizencephaly following interhemispheric competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9956609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:20:32Z","timestamp":1630963232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Motor Organization in Schizencephaly: Outcomes of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Motor Tract Projections Correlate with the Different Domains of Hand Function"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2379-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Yul","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da-Sol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1628-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi-Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Hwan","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hwan","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Hui","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4743-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200040801"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.48.5.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006","volume":"109","author":"Rosenbaum P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10039-011-0006-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30862"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-2056-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00117"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2671613"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01274-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200408260-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973695"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Ipsilateral corticospinal projections in a patient with bilateral cortical malformation: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Son S. 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