{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:58:31Z","timestamp":1777859911647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011054","name":"International Society of Hypertension","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Association of African Universities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objective. We tested the hypothesis that postpartum combined oral contraceptive (COC) treatment would induce oxidative stress via the adenosine deaminase-xanthine oxidase pathway in the kidney. We also sought to determine whether mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR ) blockade would suppress the activities of ADA and xanthine oxidase caused by postpartum COC treatment in the kidney. Methods. Twenty-four Wistar dams were randomly assigned to 4 groups ([Formula: see text]). Dams received vehicle (po), COC (1.0\u2009 \u03bcg ethinylestradiol and 5.0\u2009 \u03bcg levonorgestrel; po), COC with GR blockade (mifepristone; 80.0\u2009mg\/kg; po), and COC with MR blockade (spironolactone; 0.25\u2009mg\/kg; po) daily between 3rd and 11th week postpartum. Results. Data showed that postpartum COC caused increased plasma creatinine and urea, increased renal triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein ratio, free fatty acid accumulation, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, uric acid, and activities of renal XO and ADA. On the other hand, postpartum COC resulted in decreased plasma albumin, renal glutathione, and Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -ATPase activity with no effect on lactate production. However, MR or GR blockade ameliorated the alterations induced by postpartum COC treatment. The present results demonstrate that MR or GR blockade ameliorates postpartum COC-induced increased activities of ADA and xanthine oxidase and restores glutathione-dependent antioxidative defense. Conclusion. These findings implicate the involvements of GR and MR in renal dysfunctions caused by COC in dams via disrupted glutathione antioxidative barrier.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9966372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T20:35:07Z","timestamp":1621370107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Suppression of Adenosine Deaminase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities by Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockades Restores Renal Antioxidative Barrier in Oral Contraceptive-Treated Dam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Olufunto O.","family":"Badmus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"},{"name":"Department of Public HealthKwara State UniversityMaleteNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel D.","family":"Areola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleojo","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Obekpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tolulope E.","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"},{"name":"Department of PhysiologyLadoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluwatobi E.","family":"Elijah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aminu","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AnatomyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olayemi J.","family":"Olajide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AnatomyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of PhysiologyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2021_9966372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases6010012"},{"key":"bibr2-2021_9966372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.516"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-2021_9966372","first-page":"431","volume":"17","author":"Ibrahim H. 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