{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:40:42Z","timestamp":1792176042438,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minimally Invasive Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive technique mainly used to treat neuropathic pain associated with failed back surgery syndrome. However, this therapy has been utilized to treat other chronic painful conditions, such as pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nonetheless, the efficacy of SCS in MS patients has not been fully established. In fact, in most of SCS series, MS patients represent only a subset of a bigger cohort which comprises different causes of pain, motor disorder, and other functional limitations. The aim of our study was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of SCS in MS patients. Methods. A literature search was performed through different databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) using the following terms: \u201cmultiple sclerosis,\u201d \u201cspinal cord stimulation,\u201d and \u201cdorsal column stimulation,\u201d according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. Results. A total of 452 articles were reviewed, and 7 studies were included in the present analysis. 373 MS patients were submitted to a stimulation trial, and 82 MS patients underwent a de novo implantation. 285\/373 (76.4%) of cases submitted to the SCS trial were enrolled for permanent stimulation. We found a long-lasting improvement in 193\/346 (55.8%) MS patients with motor disorders, in 90\/134 (67.13%) MS patients with urinary dysfunction, and in 28\/34 (82.35%) MS patients with neuropathic pain. The efficacy of SCS was higher for urinary dysfunction (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.0144) and neuropathic pain (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009=\u20090.0030) compared with motor disorders. Conclusions. Our systematic review evidences that SCS is effective in MS patients. Urinary dysfunction and pain symptoms seem to be most responsive to SCS. Further studies are needed to improve the patient selection and clarify the best timing to perform SCS in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9969010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T02:38:54Z","timestamp":1618972734000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is There a Place for Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Management of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis? A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-7545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rapisarda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-2572","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ioannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-6768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3788-5610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuela","family":"D\u2019Ercole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-1950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12202"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0320-5"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00011-X","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and related disorders","volume":"122","author":"J. M. Gelfand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.53"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517736150"},{"issue":"24","key":"6","first-page":"2868","article-title":"Chronic dorsal column stimulation in multiple sclerosis. Preliminary report","volume":"73","author":"A. W. 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