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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is previously shown to effectively rescue injured lung tissues. The therapeutic mechanism of BMSC\u2010derived exosomes is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the BMSC\u2010derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) on effecting lipopolysaccharide\u2010 (LPS\u2010) induced ALI and its mechanism. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, rat alveolar macrophages were treated with or without exosomes in the presence of 10\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/ml LPS for 24\u2009h. Cell viability was determined with Cell Counting Kit\u20108 assay. Apoptotic ratio was determined with TUNEL and Annexin V\u2010FITC\/PI double staining. The levels of miR\u2010384\u20105p and autophagy\u2010associated genes were measured by RT\u2010qPCR and western blot. Autophagy was observed by TEM and assessed by means of the mRFP\u2010GFP\u2010LC3 adenovirus transfection assay. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, we constructed LPS\u2010induced ALI rat models. Exosomes were injected into rats via the caudal vein or trachea 4\u2009h later after LPS treatment. The lung histological pathology was determined by H&amp;E staining. Pulmonary vascular permeability was assessed by wet\u2010to\u2010dry weight ratio and Evans blue dye leakage assay, and inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanism involved in miR\u2010384\u20105p and Beclin\u20101 was determined. The results showed that BMSC\u2010derived exosomes were taken up by the alveolar macrophages and attenuated LPS\u2010induced alveolar macrophage viability loss and apoptosis. Exosomes effectively improved the survival rate of ALI rats within 7 days, which was associated with alleviating lung pathological changes and pulmonary vascular permeability and attenuating inflammatory response. Furthermore, this study for the first time found that miR\u2010384\u20105p was enriched in BMSC\u2010derived exosomes, and exosomal miR\u2010384\u20105p resulted in relieving LPS\u2010injured autophagy disorder in alveolar macrophages by targeting Beclin\u20101. Therefore, exosomal miR\u2010384\u20105p could be demonstrated as a promising therapeutic strategy for ALI\/ARDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9973457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T20:35:08Z","timestamp":1623702908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["BMSC\u2010Derived Exosomes Ameliorate LPS\u2010Induced Acute Lung Injury by miR\u2010384\u20105p\u2010Controlled Alveolar Macrophage 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