{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:20:27Z","timestamp":1792052427674,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emergency Medicine International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Spontaneous pneumothorax should be classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) because treatment strategies may differ depending on underlying lung conditions and clinical course. The pulmonary dysfunction can lead to changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2). The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in ETCO2 between PSP and SSP. Methods. This retrospective observational study included adult patients diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax in the emergency room from April 2019 to September 2020. We divided patients into PSP and SSP groups and compared ETCO2 variables between the two groups. Results. There were 33 (66%) patients in the PSP group and 17 (34%) patients in the SSP group. Initial ETCO2 was lower in the SSP group than in the PSP group (30 (23\u201333) vs. 35 (33\u201338) mmHg, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.002<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Multivariate analysis revealed that respiratory gas associated with SSP was initial ETCO2 (OR: 0.824; 95% CI: 0.697\u20130.974, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.023<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The optimal cutoff for initial ETCO2 to detection of SSP was 32\u2009mmHg (area under curve, 0.754), with 76.5% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity. Conclusion. ETCO2 monitoring is a reliable noninvasive indicator of differentiating between PSP and SSP. Initial ETCO2 lower than 32\u2009mmHg is a predictor of SSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9976543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T20:05:05Z","timestamp":1623701105000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring for Spontaneous Pneumothorax"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-7543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gyeong Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-8932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3700-5836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6950-9137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han Ho","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-7097","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun Seok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3133-695X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6014967"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136986"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(15)00220-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-0704(18)30093-9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2016-000253"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(05)81512-4"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198805000-00004"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.2.9807591"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.144.4.7111716"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.1.275"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.590"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2014.76.3.99"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.23.4.427"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1726-4901(09)70081-4"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1891.tb00581.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.5.832"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5223(19)41353-6"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.07.011"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2010.01349.x"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6724.581"}],"container-title":["Emergency 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