{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:25:07Z","timestamp":1771629907359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":172,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The shear and bending are the actions that are experienced in the beam owing to the fact that the beam is a flexural member due to the load in the transverse direction to their longitudinal axis. The shear strength (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) computation of reinforced concrete (RC) beams has been a major topic in the field of structural engineering. There have been several methodologies introduced for the <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> prediction; however, the modeling accuracy is relatively low owing to the complex characteristic of the resistance mechanism involving dowel effect of longitudinal reinforcement, concrete in the compression zone, contribution of the stirrups if existed, and the aggregate interlock. Hence, the current research proposed a new soft computing model called random forest (RF) to predict <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>. Experimental datasets were collected from the open\u2010source literature including the related geometric properties and concrete characteristics of beam specimens. Nine input combinations were constructed based on the statistical correlation to be supplied for the proposed predictive model. The prediction accuracy of the RF model was validated against the Support Vector Machine (SVM), and several other empirical formulations have been adopted in the literature. The proposed RF model revealed better prediction accuracy in addition the model structure emphasis in the incorporation of seven predictors by excluding (beam flange thickness and coefficient). In the quantitative term, the minimal root mean square error value was attained (RMSE\u2009=\u200989.68\u2009kN).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9978409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T18:21:59Z","timestamp":1624386119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Random Forest versus Support Vector Machine Models\u2019 Applicability for Predicting Beam Shear Strength"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8482-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayder Riyadh Mohammed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumarni","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","article-title":"Shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beam without stirrups","volume":"15","author":"Babar V. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25130\/tjes.26.1.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","volume-title":"Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary","author":"Committee A. C. I.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/l05-118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25130\/tjes.26.1.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","article-title":"Design of simply supported deep beams using strut-and-tie models","volume":"100","author":"Matamoros A. B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"ACI Structural Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","article-title":"Reinforced concrete deep beams-shear strength model and design formula","volume":"102","author":"Russo G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"ACI Structural Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/l06-033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","article-title":"Presliding shear failure in prestressed RC beams. I: partial-interaction mechanism","volume":"104","author":"Zhang T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0899-1561(2007)19:12(1033)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6611885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10113811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","unstructured":"BirtelV.andMarkP. Parameterised finite element modelling of RC beam shear failure Proceedings of the ABAQUS users\u2019 conference May 2006 Providence RI USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1679-78253682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25130\/tjes.26.1.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:2(152)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","article-title":"Neural networks in civil engineering. I: principles and understanding","volume":"8","author":"Flood I.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.111221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921710388971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.107077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.119889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2019.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-018-0681-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomc.2020.100070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proposition of new computer artificial intelligence models for shear strength prediction of reinforced concrete beams","author":"Mohammed H. R. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering with Computers"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","unstructured":"BreimanL. FriedmanJ. H. OlshenR. A. andStoneC. J. Classification and Regression Trees 1984 19."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification and regression by randomForest","volume":"2","author":"Liaw A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21642583.2014.956265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GilmanJ. R. BrickeyR. T. andRedM. M. Monte Carlo techniques for evaluating producing properties Proceedings of the SPE Rocky Mountain Regional\/Low-Permeability Reservoirs Symposium April 1998 Denver CO USA.","DOI":"10.2523\/39926-MS"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","first-page":"548","article-title":"Shear strength of reinforced concrete T-beams without stirrups","volume":"11","author":"Thamrin R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2012.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with near-surface mounted fiber-reinforced polymer rods","volume":"98","author":"De Lorenzis L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACI Structure Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","volume-title":"Shear Strength of High Performance Concrete Beams","author":"Kong P. Y. L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/macr.9.00192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:1(174.2)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effect of concrete strength and minimum stirrups on shear strength of large members. Paper by Dino Angelakos, Evan C. Bentz, and Michael P. Collins","volume":"99","author":"Khuntia M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACI Structure Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","article-title":"Shear design procedure for reinforced normal and high-strength concrete beams using artificial neural networks. Part I: Beams without stirrups","volume":"26","author":"Cladera A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Engineering Structures"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","first-page":"814","article-title":"Behavior of large-scale reinforced concrete beams with minimum shear reinforcement","volume":"97","author":"Frosch R. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Structure Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","article-title":"Minimum shear reinforcement in normal, Medium, and high-strength concrete beams","volume":"93","author":"Yoon Y.","year":"1996","journal-title":"ACI Structure Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Shear strength of high-strength concrete beams with web reinforcement","volume":"87","author":"Roller J. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Structures Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Minimum shear reinforcement in beams with higher strength concrete","volume":"86","author":"Johnson M. K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Structures Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14359\/51686819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","first-page":"541","article-title":"Use of stirrup effectiveness in shear design of concrete beams","volume":"86","author":"Mphonde A. G.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Structures Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Evaluation of minimum shear reinforcement requirements for higher strength concrete","volume":"96","author":"Ozcebe G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structures Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Shear strength of reinforced concrete beams","volume":"60","author":"Bresler B.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","first-page":"451","article-title":"Studies of the shear and diagonal tension strength of simply supported reinforced concrete beams","volume":"63","author":"Krefeld W. J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","article-title":"Application of support vector machine with firefly algorithm for investigation of the factors affecting the shear strength of angle shear connectors","volume":"22","author":"Maryam S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Smart Materials and Structures"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","article-title":"Reinforced concrete deep beam shear strength capacity modelling using an integrative bio-inspired algorithm with an artificial intelligence model","author":"Zhang G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering with Computers"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2018.09.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","article-title":"Combining machine learning models via adaptive ensemble weighting for prediction of shear capacity of reinforced-concrete deep beams","volume":"36","author":"Prayogo D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering with Computers"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000jd900719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","volume-title":"Subcommittee ACI-446B of ACI Committee 446 on FractureMechanics","author":"Farmington Hills","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","unstructured":"445A.-A. Summary of the evaluations of the proposals for the quick fix forreinforced concrete members without transverse reinforcement Proceedings of the Sub-committee ACI-445F of ACI Committee 445 on Shear And Torsion 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.82303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","volume-title":"The Design of Concrete Structures","author":"N 3101","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","volume-title":"Designers\u2019 Guide to EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. General Rules and Rules for Buildings. Thomas Telford","author":"Johnson R. P.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.02.007"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/9978409.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/9978409.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/9978409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T22:03:30Z","timestamp":1723241010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/9978409"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Haitham","family":"Afan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/9978409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9978409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9978409"}}