{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1790958637668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":110,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped and harbor an unusually large (30\u201332\u2009kb) positive\u2010strand linear RNA genome. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (SARS\u2010CoV and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (MERS\u2010CoV) in humans. The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infects mice and serves as an ideal model of viral pathogenesis, mainly because experiments can be conducted using animal\u2010biosafety level\u20102 (A\u2010BSL2) containment. Human thymosin beta\u20104 (T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4), a 43\u2010residue peptide with an acetylated N\u2010terminus, is widely expressed in human tissues. T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4 regulates actin polymerization and functions as an anti\u2010inflammatory molecule and an antioxidant as well as a promoter of wound healing and angiogenesis. These activities led us to test whether T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4 serves to treat coronavirus infections of humans. To test this possibility, here, we established a BALB\/c mouse model of coronavirus infection using mouse CoV MHV\u2010A59 to evaluate the potential protective effect of recombinant human T\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4 (rhT\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4). Such a system can be employed under A\u2010BSL2 containment instead of A\u2010BSL3 that is required to study coronaviruses infectious for humans. We found that rhT\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4 significantly increased the survival rate of mice infected with MHV\u2010A59 through inhibiting virus replication, balancing the host\u2019s immune response, alleviating pathological damage, and promoting repair of the liver. These results will serve as the basis for further application of rhT\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    4 to the treatment of human CoV diseases such as COVID\u201019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9979032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T16:21:00Z","timestamp":1619022060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta\u20104 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuemei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengsu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.635-664.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1182-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Properties of coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"42","author":"Malik Y. 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