{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:12:29Z","timestamp":1791317549274,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":152,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants including <jats:italic>Oxalis corniculata<\/jats:italic> (EtOc, AqOc) and <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic> (EtAa, AqAa) as well as <jats:italic>A. annua<\/jats:italic> essential oil (EoAa) was investigated on multi\u2010drug resistance (MDR) <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Microdilution and agar well diffusion methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as the inhibition zone. The phytconstituents of these products were analyzed using Reverse\u2010phase High\u2010 performance liquid chromatography (RP\u2010HPLC) and gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010mass). The order of bacteriostatic and bacteriocide rate of the products can be shown as follows: EoAa&gt;AqOc&gt;EtAa\u2009=\u2009AqAa&gt;EtOc, but the bactericidal effect of <jats:italic>A. annua<\/jats:italic> extracts is higher than of <jats:italic>O. corniculata<\/jats:italic> based on the MIC\/MBC ratio and the order is as follows: EoAa&gt;EtAa\u2009=\u2009AqAa&gt;EtOc&gt;AqOc. The most potent product, i.e. EoAa with a 56.7% inhibition of all isolates, has the potential to substitute 13 used antibiotics including oxacillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin\u2010clavulanic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefixime (<jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;0.05<\/jats:italic>). Different terpenoids were detected and measured in EoAa and catechin flavonoids in extracts of both plants, quercetin in extracts of <jats:italic>O. corniculata<\/jats:italic> but it was only possible to detect chlorogenic acid polyphenol in AqAa. Due to the antibacterial activities of the studied products, more effective than some antibiotics and their edible consumption, these products can be suggested as an alternative to some antibiotics and food preservatives to fight against MDR <jats:italic>E. coli.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9981915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T22:37:56Z","timestamp":1622673476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Antibacterial Potency of Medicinal Plants including <i>Artemisia annua<\/i> and <i>Oxalis corniculata<\/i> against Multi\u2010Drug Resistance <i>E. coil<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Golbarg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Mehdipour Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.302.4289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.12.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v25i1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801812010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9810-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants6020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201000044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19055490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names","author":"Mozaffarian V.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/159819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np050074u"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2011.616039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Medicinal Plants","author":"Bhattacharjee S. 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