{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:09:47Z","timestamp":1771668587043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":160,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61921001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61921001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62022091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62022091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the convolution neural networks (CNNs) to achieve the localization of near\u2010field sources via the symmetric double\u2010nested array (SDNA). Considering that the incoherent near\u2010field sources can be separated in the frequency spectrum, we first calculate the phase difference matrices and consider the typical elements as the inputs of the networks. In order to guarantee the precision of the angle\u2010of\u2010arrival (AOA) estimation, we implement the autoencoders to divide the AOA subregions and construct the corresponding classification CNNs to obtain the AOAs of near\u2010field sources. Then, we construct a particular range vector without the estimated AOAs and utilize the regression CNN to obtain the range parameters of near\u2010field sources. The proposed algorithm is robust to the off\u2010grid parameters and suitable for the scenarios with the different number of near\u2010field sources. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the existing method for near\u2010field source localization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9996780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:14:40Z","timestamp":1623370480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Convolution Neural Networks for Localization of Near\u2010Field Sources via Symmetric Double\u2010Nested Array"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5895-3152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenghui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1233-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4383-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2901664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3007894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2942595"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2919542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lsp.2014.2326173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2853124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2874430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2945115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2897953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2019.2950196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2019.2959576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiuW. 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Deep learning based localization of near-field sources with exact spherical wavefront model 2019 27th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) 2019 A Coruna Spain 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/eusipco.2019.8903003.","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO.2019.8903003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2049264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lsp.2014.2325000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lsp.2014.2325000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2925199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3009348"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/9996780.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/9996780.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/9996780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1723039715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/9996780"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jian Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/9996780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9996780","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-8669","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9996780"}}