{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:33:01Z","timestamp":1790947981724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":162,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The emergence and spread of multi\u2010drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a public health problem in recent years. For the last many years, carbapenem antibiotics have been used successfully to treat infections caused by MDR\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, recently,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    producing carbapenemases have emerged, which confer broad resistance to most\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactam antibiotics including carbapenems. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the magnitude of MDR and carbapenemase\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CPE) isolated from various clinical specimens in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. A total of 312\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were identified from various clinical specimens. The Phoenix automated system (BD Phoenix100) was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Potential carbapenemase producers were confirmed by the modified carbapenem inactivation test, and KPC, MBL, and OXA\u201048 were phenotypically characterized by the disk diffusion method. The data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics, chi square, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    value \u2264 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered for statistical significance.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A total of 312\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    were recovered. Of these isolates, 68.6% were MDR and 2.6% were CPE with different classes including OXA\u201048 1.6% (5\/312), MBL 0.6% (2\/312), and KPC and OXA\u201048 0.3% (1\/312). The predominant bacterial isolates were\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    72.4% (226\/312) followed by\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    13.8% (43\/312). The antibiotic resistance rates of CPE isolates were significantly higher than other MDRE including ampicillin (100% versus 77.6%), cefoxitin (75% versus 20.6%), and piperacillin\/tazobactam (50% versus 13.1%).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this study, a relatively higher prevalence of MDR was observed, and the highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and sulfamethoxazole\u2010trimethoprim. Detection of CPE is important for implementing appropriate antimicrobial therapy and in controlling the spread of the infection. Furthermore, continuous screening and investigations, including genotypic characterization of CPE, are required for the prevention and control of the spread of antimicrobial\u2010resistant pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9999638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T13:35:06Z","timestamp":1623504906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multidrug\u2010Resistant and Carbapenemase\u2010Producing\n                    <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>\n                    in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8529-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba Gebremichael","family":"Tekele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejenie Shiferaw","family":"Teklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melese Hailu","family":"Legese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Gebretsadik","family":"Weldehana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0706-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melaku Ashagrie","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassu Desta","family":"Tullu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Kinde","family":"Birru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The emergence of carbapenemase bla NDM genotype among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Egyptian cancer patients","volume":"15","author":"Tawfick M. 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