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Myopia is the commonest ocular abnormality; reinstated interest is associated with high and increasing prevalence, especially but not, in the Asian population and progressive nature in children. The growing global prevalence seems to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors such as spending more time indoor and using digital devices, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Various options have been assessed to prevent or reduce myopia progression in children. In this review, we assess the effects of several types of measures, including spending more time outdoor, optical interventions such as the bifocal\/progressive spectacle lenses, soft bifocal\/multifocal\/extended depth of focus\/orthokeratology contact lenses, refractive surgery, and pharmacological treatments. All these options for controlling myopia progression in children have various degrees of efficacy. Atropine, orthokeratology\/peripheral defocus contact and spectacle lenses, bifocal or progressive addition spectacles, and increased outdoor activities have been associated with the highest, moderate, and lower efficacies, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1004977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T18:50:11Z","timestamp":1655232611000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Myopia: Mechanisms and Strategies to Slow Down Its Progression"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-3662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Oculistico Bresciano, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-4035","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Boldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bignotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Morescalchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Semeraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.194"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.03.006"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.018"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12403"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S204017442000077X"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15549"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0716"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S245192"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.150979"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9781987"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8336"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1144"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13316"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9091"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189774"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.12133"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309299"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0716-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13391"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00191-3"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000978"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21871"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140419"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.105988"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-015-0091-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"27","first-page":"2794","article-title":"Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"O. 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