{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:03:50Z","timestamp":1769580230166,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, several experiments have been carried out to study the changes in total arsenic content of realgar and its prescription, but few researches on its form and valence. We evaluated the change in arsenic species concentration in realgar from the perspective of absorption by using an in vitro dissolution study, an in vivo unidirectional intestinal perfusion study, transmembrane transport in Caco-2 cells, and a pharmacokinetic study in rats. In the gastrointestinal tract, arsenic species are mainly present inorganic forms of AsIII and AsV. The cumulative dissolution rates of soluble arsenic in 4\u2009h artificial gastric fluid and 8\u2009h artificial intestinal fluid were 21.99% and 59.20%, respectively. The <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:msub>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mtext>app<\/a:mtext>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msub>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> values of soluble arsenic in realgar in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of rats were 5.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22123, 6.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22123 and 5.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22123\u2009cm\/min, respectively. In the process of small intestine perfusion, the AsIII of realgar was partially converted into AsV in the duodenum and jejunum. As the transport time increased, the transmembrane transport rate and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:msub>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mtext>app<\/c:mtext>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:msub>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> value of soluble arsenic in realgar were increased in Caco-2 cells, and it also suggested that arsenic species may be passively transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The Cmax and AUC (0-24) of AsIII, AsV, and DMA in plasma of realgar were 41.26\u2009ng\u2009L\u22121\/343.977\u2009ng\u2009h\u2009mL\u22121, 21.626\u2009ng\u2009L\u22121\/47.310\u2009ng\u2009h\u2009mL\u22121, and 2.372\u2009ng\u2009L\u22121\/30.429\u2009ng\u2009h\u2009mL\u22121, respectively. Tmax and MRT (0-\u221e) of AsIII, AsV, and DMA were 2.571\u2009h\/9.649\u2009h, 0.393\u2009h\/2.790\u2009h, and 3.143\u2009h\/23.145\u2009h, respectively. It is hoped to provide a basis for clarifying the arsenic species in realgar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1026672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T22:35:26Z","timestamp":1661294126000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study on the Absorption of Arsenic Species in Realgar Based on the Form and Valence"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaolei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longtai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HuLinyue","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huating","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-8004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoxu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhai","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3077-1626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingbin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-044X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China","author":"N. 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