{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:48:54Z","timestamp":1787017734037,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objective. Sex steroid stimulates growth hormone release during puberty. However, the role of IGF-1 levels in human-chorionic-gonadotropin-induced precocious puberty remains unclear. Methods. A retrospective study reviewing thirty patients with precocious puberty due to human-chorionic-gonadotropin-secreting intracranial germ cell tumors was performed. Changes in IGF-1 levels were collected. Result. All patients included were boys. At diagnosis, the median IGF-1 standard deviation was 0.87 (0.1, 1.87). When human-chorionic-gonadotropin normalized, the median IGF-1 standard deviation was 1.58 (\u22120.53, 2.55), which is slightly higher than baseline (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.408<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). When patients completed their therapeutic plan, the median IGF-1 standard deviation was 0.10 (\u22121.05, 0.68), which was significantly lower than that of baseline (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.004<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) and of human-chorionic-gonadotropin being normalized (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.003<\/e:mn>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). At the last visit, the mean IGF-1 standard deviation was \u22121.11(\u22121.97, 0.76), which is slightly lower than that of baseline (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.109<\/g:mn>\n                      <\/g:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) and post-therapy levels (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.575<\/i:mn>\n                      <\/i:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ), but significantly lower than that of human-chorionic-gonadotropin being normalized. Two patients had IGF-1 levels above 2 standard deviations at diagnosis, eight at the time when human-chorionic-gonadotropin normalized, and two at the end of therapy. Only one patient had an IGF-1 level below 2 standard deviations at diagnosis and at the time when human-chorionic-gonadotropin normalized, and two patients at the end of therapy. At the last follow-up, all patients had normal IGF-1 levels. Conclusion. IGF-1 levels in patients with human-chorionic-gonadotropin-induced precocious puberty have heterogeneity, but IGF-1 standard deviations are mostly within the normal range. If elevated, it might decline later with a decrease in human-chorionic-gonadotropin level. IGF-1 levels seem not valuable enough to assess human-chorionic-gonadotropin-induced precocity regression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1068896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T13:35:12Z","timestamp":1668519312000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heterogeneity of IGF-1 Levels in Children with hCG-Induced Precocious Puberty"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-6544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-7269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cai\u2010Yan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-2349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ling-Yu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-0664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li -Yong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1172"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod54.5.1002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.03.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.10.3059"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1996.tb02053.x"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513599709152541"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000023176"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020308"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2005.18.8.785"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2008.21.3.213"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-12-0106"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2013.18.4.202"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0271-1"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2003.16.6.827"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.711531.x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2014.19.4.208"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2014-0222"},{"key":"18","article-title":"Reference values for serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in children and adolescents","author":"X. 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