{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:43:22Z","timestamp":1780667002510,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background.The paranasal sinuses in pediatrics can harbor a wide variety of pathologies. With the present literature being composed of case studies only, this entity is quite understudied. Objectives. This article aims to study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and endoscopic management of six different rare frontal sinus pathologies in pediatrics, which include extensive allergic fungal sinusitis, mucoceles, osteoma, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, CSF leak, and subdural empyema. Methods. We retrospectively studied all pediatric patients with frontal sinus pathologies presenting to our center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, from the period of 2006 to 2020. Results. A total of 8 patients presented to our hospital with different frontal sinus pathologies. 5 of them were males, and 3 were females with an age of presentation ranging from 7 to 17 years. The diagnosis and localization were performed through computerized tomography without contrast and magnetic resonance imaging, when indicated. All cases were primarily managed with endonasal endoscopic approaches successfully without complications and with no recurrence evident upon follow-up. Conclusion. In this case series, six different frontal sinus pathologies were managed by an endoscopic approach, with excellent recovery and no recurrence upon follow-up demonstrated. This approach enabled excellent visualization of the pathologies, accurate localization, adequate drainage, and repair or grafting when needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1078178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T21:50:10Z","timestamp":1644529810000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Endoscopic Management of Different Pediatric Frontal Sinus Pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2523-472X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Almomen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-5262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zainab","family":"Alshuhayb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Jaber ENT and Eye Hospital, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7081-2723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussain","family":"Alsheef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Alhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balsam","family":"Alawami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirah","family":"Aldhurais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussain","family":"Almulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Almoumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alkishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.2.2.253"},{"key":"2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Surgical anatomy and embryology of the frontal sinus","volume-title":"The Frontal Sinus","author":"C. 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