{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:06:47Z","timestamp":1783714007844,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2017051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2017051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHY18-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHY18-068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SJGY20170613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJGY20170613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Administration of Chinese Medicine","award":["H2017051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2017051"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Administration of Chinese Medicine","award":["SHY18-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHY18-068"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Administration of Chinese Medicine","award":["SJGY20170613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJGY20170613"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003851","name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["H2017051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2017051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003851","name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SHY18-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHY18-068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003851","name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SJGY20170613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJGY20170613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a common infectious disease of the female reproductive tract, is mainly characterized by abdominal\/pelvic pain and tenderness of the uterus, cervix, or adnexa on physical exam. In recent years, its incidence has gradually increased yearly due to numerous factors, including sexually transmitted diseases and intrauterine operations. Based on self-report of PID in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013\u20132014 survey, PID impacts approximately 2.5 million women in the US during their reproductive age. Although empiric treatments such as antibiotics or surgery could alleviate the related symptoms of PID, its unsatisfactory obstetric outcome and high relapse bring heavy physical and psychological burden to women. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), a complementary therapy other than Western medicine with a complete theoretical and practical system, has been attached to importance in the world due to its remarkable efficacy. More people are accepting and trying to use CAM to treat gynecological diseases, including infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, and PID, but its efficacy and mechanism are still controversial. This article reviews the previous literature systematically focusing on the effectiveness, safety, and mechanism of CAM in the treatment of PID to provide an evidence-based basis for the clinical application of CAM in patients with PID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1364297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T23:50:09Z","timestamp":1642636209000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evidence for the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-3534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Daoli District People's Hospital, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8078-3177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-9333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaguang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"51","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23549","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023549","article-title":"Guizhi Fuling wan for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease protocol","volume":"99","author":"C. Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"100","key":"2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease: diagnosis, management, and prevention","volume":"6","author":"A. Curry","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010285.pub3"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1411426"},{"key":"5","first-page":"263","article-title":"Efficacy observation of retention enema of pelvic inflammatory soup combined with low dose fleroxacin in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"36","author":"W. L. Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"6","first-page":"46","article-title":"Reproductive health survey about women at childbearing age in Changsha","volume":"24","author":"L. D. Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"7","first-page":"931","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of female reproductive tract infections and effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"25","author":"L. H. Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese J. Nosocomiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"8","first-page":"112","article-title":"Survey and analysis of women\u2019s diseases in primary hospital","volume":"9","author":"P. T. Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forest Industries"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e92c54","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"116","author":"C. W. Bugg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10","article-title":"The impact of selected bacterial sexually transmitted diseases on pregnancy and female fertility","volume":"22","author":"S. Katarzyna","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.11.004","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"244","author":"M. Safrai","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"18","key":"12","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease: diagnosis and treatment in the emergency department","volume":"12","author":"C. W. Bugg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Practice"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ahmt.s115535"},{"issue":"8","key":"14","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"61","author":"W. Ka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"15","article-title":"Applications and therapeutic actions of complementary and alternative medicine for women with genital infection","volume":"2014","author":"L. Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1654-y"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5372839"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105187","article-title":"Current policies and measures on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in China","volume":"163","author":"W. Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-016-2510-5"},{"key":"20","first-page":"98","article-title":"Efficacy of Kangfu anti-inflammatory suppositurecombined with antibiotics in the treatment of pelvic inflammation","volume":"6","author":"W. Rf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Ration Drug Use"},{"key":"21","first-page":"326","article-title":"Clinical effect of dachaihu decoction on acute pelvic inflammation and its effect on secretory immunoglobulin A and serum CRP","volume":"27","author":"Y. M. Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hebei Medical University"},{"key":"22","first-page":"3628","article-title":"Clinical observation of Gongyingtuling decoction combined with moxifloxacin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"35","author":"Y. L. Xiangli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guangming Journal of New Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"23","first-page":"93","article-title":"The value of Hongteng miso decoction in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"3","author":"J. L. Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. Med. Heal. Res. Electron. J."},{"key":"24","first-page":"1722","article-title":"Effect of modified Yiqi Huayu Penyan decoction on treatment of pelvic inflammation of Qixu Xueyu syndrome and its influence on blood microcirculation","volume":"41","author":"L. J. Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"25","first-page":"3467","article-title":"Effects of Dahuang Mudanpi decoction on immune status of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"47","author":"L. Z. Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chongqing Medicine"},{"key":"26","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clinical observation on Qingre huayu decoction in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"17","author":"Y. H. Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China"},{"issue":"12","key":"27","first-page":"2637","article-title":"Effect of Fuyanshu Capsules combined with antibiotics on inflammatory factors in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"44","author":"X. L. Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"key":"28","first-page":"2430","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of danbai granules combined with azithromycin on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"15","author":"Z. L. Ma J","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Chinese Med."},{"key":"29","first-page":"71","article-title":"Clinical effect observation of Fuyaning decoction combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"20","author":"G. H. Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"},{"key":"30","first-page":"214","article-title":"Curative effect of guizhi fuling pills on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its influence on hemorheology, oxidative stress and levels of serum hs-CRP, TGF-\u03b21, GM-CSF and complement C3","volume":"38","author":"W. Hb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Arch. traditional Chinese medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"31","first-page":"163","article-title":"Effectiveness of Jinying capsule on pelvic inflammatory disease in patients with symptom of damp and heat accumulation: a double-blinded, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Y. Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"32","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Treatment of chronic endometritis by penning granule: a clinical randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"W. M. Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"33","first-page":"199","article-title":"Clinical observation of Tongluo Qingre decoction on sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease with stagnation of qi, blood stasis and stagnation of heat type","volume":"37","author":"L. Q. Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Practial Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"34","first-page":"734","article-title":"Effect of pelvic inflammatory decoction in treatments of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseas","volume":"31","author":"Q. L. Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"35","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of shaofu Zhuyu decoction on chronic pelvic inflammation with cold coagulation and blood stasis","volume":"33","author":"Z. N. Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.06.034"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113405"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v9i3.1"},{"key":"39","first-page":"122","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of Fuke Qianjin Tablet combined with Levofloxacin in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on inflammatory factors","volume":"13","author":"S. Z. Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use"},{"issue":"22","key":"40","first-page":"4940","article-title":"Mechanisms of Fuke Qianjin Capsules in treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease based on GC-MS metabolomics","volume":"44","author":"B.-H. Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"key":"41","article-title":"Research on the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine Radix Paeoniae Rubra in improving chronic pelvic inflammation disease by regulating PTGS2 in the arachidonic acid pathway","volume":"129","author":"L. Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"42","first-page":"379","article-title":"Study on core Chinese herbal medicines and mechanism in Chinese herbal medicine enema for treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation by data mining and network Pharmacology","volume":"38","author":"L. X. Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0198-4"},{"key":"44","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Progress in clinical research and application of traditional Chinese medicine enema","volume":"15","author":"L. M. Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine"},{"issue":"27","key":"45","first-page":"88","article-title":"Effect of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"33","author":"L. S. Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inn. Mong. J. Tradit. Chinese Med,"},{"key":"46","first-page":"56","article-title":"Progress of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"30","author":"W. Hb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"47","first-page":"822","article-title":"Curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine enema on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on indexes of hemorheology, inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"28","author":"L. Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/146383","article-title":"The complementary and alternative medicine for endometriosis: a review of utilization and mechanism","volume":"2014","author":"S. Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"49","first-page":"304","article-title":"Clinical effect of comprehensive nursing intervention combined with Kangfuyan capsule retention enema in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"36","author":"B. Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Practical Medicine."},{"key":"50","first-page":"304","article-title":"Application effect of retention enema combined with holistic nursing in patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"36","author":"R. Rf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Guangming Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"51","first-page":"38","article-title":"Clinical observation of Chinese medicine collapse stains combined with Chinese herbal retention enema for sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Z. Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"52","first-page":"772","article-title":"The effect of retention enema of traditional Chinese medicine on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and inflammatory factors","volume":"12","author":"L. J. Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Chinese Medine"},{"key":"53","first-page":"2165","article-title":"The curative effect and experience of traditional Chinese medicine enema in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"35","author":"X. Y. Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"54","first-page":"106","article-title":"Study on the curative effect of oral and retention enema of No. 1 decoction of gynecology on chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"17","author":"M. Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of China Prescr. Drug"},{"issue":"12","key":"55","first-page":"1680","article-title":"To observe the pelvic inflammation orally and the clinical curative effect of retention enema treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"36","author":"X. L. Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sichuan Medical Journal"},{"key":"56","first-page":"1810","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of xiaoyan decoction combined with retention enema in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"33","author":"S. Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics"},{"key":"57","first-page":"204","article-title":"Clinical study on penqiangyan prescription combined with Chinese herbal retention enema for patients with oviduct obstructive infertility after hysteroscopic surgery","volume":"51","author":"Y. H. Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"58","first-page":"268","article-title":"Observation on the curative effect of Fuyan decoction retention enema for tubal obstructive infertility","volume":"37","author":"C. Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"59","first-page":"143","article-title":"Clinical observation of 25 cases of infertility caused by chronic pelvic inflammatory disease treated with enema supplemented by Professor Ding Lixian\u2019s experience formula \u201cPenyanqing\u201d after laparoscopic surgery","volume":"21","author":"F. Y. L. T. T. Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"60","article-title":"Clinical study on treatment of tubal infertility after laparoscopic operation combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema","volume":"2021","author":"M. W. Dong L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qiqihar Hospital Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"61","first-page":"48","article-title":"Effect observation of antibiotic combined with retention enema of traditional Chinese medicine for chronic pelvic inflammatory","volume":"10","author":"X. H. Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use"},{"key":"62","first-page":"122","article-title":"Effect and recurrence rate of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"24","author":"Q. D. Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity Ed."},{"key":"63","article-title":"A systematic study of mechanism of sargentodoxa cuneata and Patrinia scabiosifolia against pelvic inflammatory disease with dampness-heat stasis syndrome via network Pharmacology approach","volume":"11","author":"L. Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.209"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7498"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-411545-3.00001-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00010","article-title":"Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice","volume":"136","author":"K. Tj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(16)60269-8","article-title":"Puncturing the myths of acupuncture","volume":"14","author":"M. Mj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"69","first-page":"871","article-title":"Analysis of the development status of acupuncture and moxibustion in Malaysia","volume":"39","author":"J.-C. Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"70","first-page":"4785","article-title":"\u201cCurrent situation and prospect of acupoint efficacy research","volume":"35","author":"Y. S. Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"71","first-page":"4467","article-title":"Development, inheritance and innovation of Chinese acupuncture","volume":"34","author":"H. N. Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"72","first-page":"343","article-title":"Strategic planning of the \u201cbelt and road\u201d development of acupuncture and moxibustion","volume":"37","author":"Y. Y. Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Acupunct Moxibustion"},{"key":"73","first-page":"45","article-title":"Chinese acupuncture of the world federation of acupuncture societies has entered the countries along the \u2018one belt and one road\u2019 route","volume":"22","author":"L. L. Yang Yy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"},{"key":"74","first-page":"377","article-title":"Study on analgesia of needle anaesthesia","volume":"41","author":"J. S. Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acupuncture Research"},{"key":"75","first-page":"74","article-title":"Research on the development and characteristics of European acupuncture before the 20th century","volume":"36","author":"H. N. Chen Yb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion"},{"issue":"13","key":"76","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease: a systematic review protocol","volume":"97","author":"Y. Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"77","article-title":"Acupuncture in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"74","author":"B. Kc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gco.0000000000000582"},{"key":"79","article-title":"On the therapeutic efficacy of electric acupuncture with moxibustion in 95 cases of chronic pelvic infectious disease (PID)","volume":"1989","author":"X. M. Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"80","first-page":"736","article-title":"Observation on therapeutic effect of warming needle moxibustion on chronic pelvic inflammation of cold-damp stagnation type","volume":"28","author":"L. X. Zhen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion"},{"key":"81","first-page":"126","article-title":"Clinical effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine enema on patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"33","author":"L. L. Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Equipment"},{"issue":"1","key":"82","article-title":"\u201c[Effect of acupuncture on inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease],\u201d zhen ci yan jiu\u2009=\u2009acupunct","volume":"43","author":". D. Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics"},{"key":"83","first-page":"229","article-title":"Study on the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its effect on symptom improvement","volume":"15","author":"R. Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application"},{"issue":"1","key":"84","first-page":"31","article-title":"Acupuncture combined with western medication on chronic pelvic pain after pelvic inflammatory disease: a multi-center randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Y.-H. Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"85","first-page":"1214","article-title":"Analysis on the rule of acupoint selection in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by using data mining technology","volume":"37","author":"C. Q. Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai J. Acupunct. Moxibustion"},{"key":"86","first-page":"1573","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"46","author":"M. Y. He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2326867"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000023916"},{"key":"89","first-page":"49","article-title":"MA Baozhang\u2019s experience in the treatment of tubal inflammatory infertility","volume":"49","author":"M. B. Sun Kf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"90","first-page":"174","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Yi Guan exercise on hemorheology and inflammatory factors in chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"34","author":"F. Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"91","first-page":"64","article-title":"Advances in immunological pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Q. X. Liu Jj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progres en Obstetrique et Gynecologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009525","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and genital tract infection","volume":"21","author":"S. C. Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of STD & AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis922","article-title":"Racial variation in toll-like receptor variants among women with pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"207","author":"T. Bd","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"94","first-page":"197","article-title":"Practice study of acupuncture combined with acupoint injection in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"X. L. Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application"},{"key":"95","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture at Dongshiqi point on immune function in patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"27","author":"L. S. Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences"},{"key":"96","first-page":"12","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of chronic pelvic pain in gynecology","volume":"30","author":"L. S. Yin Bn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Community Dr."},{"key":"97","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pelvic pain after pelvic inflammatory disease with qi stagnation and blood stasis by warm acupuncture","volume":"40","author":"W. X. Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jilin Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"98","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture combined with warm acupuncture on pelvic pain after pelvic inflammation","volume":"35","author":"G. R. Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditinal Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2013-010480","article-title":"The safety of acupuncture during pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"J. Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acupuncture in Medicine"},{"key":"100","article-title":"Clinical research on the comprehensive curative effect of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for pelvic inflammatory sequelae","volume":"24","author":"P. Moa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"issue":"2","key":"101","first-page":"91","article-title":"Safety of acupuncture: results of a prospective observational study with 229,230 patients and introduction of a medical information and consent form","volume":"16","author":"W. Claudia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forsch. Komplementmed."},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000012942"},{"key":"103","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Observation on curative effect of Ginger-separated Moxibustion at Baliao acupoint combined with Bushen Huoxue Recipe on ovarian reserve function decline","volume":"37","author":"D. S. Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion"},{"key":"104","first-page":"67","article-title":"Thermosensitive moxibustion combined with Huoxue Quyu prescription in the treatment of 50 cases of fallopian tube infertility","volume":"47","author":"T. X. Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jiangxi Journal of Traditinal Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"105","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Effect of thermosensitive moxibustion combined with acupoint injection on pregnancy outcome after laparoscopy in infertility patients with tubal fluid accumulation.Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","volume":"27","author":"L. Q. Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"},{"key":"106","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture combined with moxibustion on inflammatory response indexes and TCM syndrome scores in patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"15","author":"C. X. Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"107","first-page":"179","article-title":"Clinical application of thermal moxibustion in gynecological diseases","volume":"36","author":"H. L. Chen Zy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hunan Journal of Traditinal Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"108","first-page":"123","article-title":"Thermosensitive moxibustion in the treatment of 25 cases of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"P. Z. Ying","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China"},{"issue":"5","key":"109","first-page":"62","article-title":"A randomized parallel control study of acupuncture combined with thermosensitive moxibustion in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (dysmenorrhea\/lower belt)","volume":"32","author":"Q. Z. Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine"},{"key":"110","first-page":"389","article-title":"Effect of thermal sensitive moxibustion combined with Xuefu Zhuyu capsule on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with qi stagnation and blood stasis and its effect on serum CA125, IL-8 and TGF-\u03b21","volume":"38","author":"W. D. Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion"},{"key":"111","first-page":"90","article-title":"Clinical observation of different duration Chinese medicine umbilical moxibustion in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation with cold and dampness stagnation","volume":"12","author":"K. F. Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"112","first-page":"2616","article-title":"Advances of the mechanism of moxibustion","volume":"29","author":"L. Lan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Arch. Traditinal Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"113","first-page":"108","article-title":"Clinical study on the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by moxibustion combined with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"10","author":"C. B. Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"114","first-page":"387","article-title":"Effect of moxibustion combined with ligustrazine on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with cold and dampess and its effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"23","author":"C. W. Nong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Basic Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"115","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Effect of moxibustion Dong shiqi point combined with microwave on chronic pelvic inflammation and effect on serum IL-2 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"37","author":"W. Y. Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion"},{"key":"116","first-page":"816","article-title":"Effect of pelvic health exercise combined with TCM syndrome differentiation in patients with pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"36","author":"Z. F. Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine"},{"key":"117","first-page":"96","article-title":"Observation and nursing care of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with exercise therapy","volume":"28","author":"R. P. Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine"},{"key":"118","first-page":"867","article-title":"Clinical observation on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine enema combined with antibiotics and health exercise in the treatment of chronic pelvis inflammation","volume":"25","author":"X. L. Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mod. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"119","first-page":"90","article-title":"Impact of pelvic muscle exercise and psychological intervention on negative emotions of patients with infertility caused by pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"28","author":"S. Y. Z. J. F. Gl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Sciences"},{"key":"120","first-page":"40","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and serum IL-2, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease treated by Puling Penyankang granule combined with pelvic exercise","volume":"36","author":"X. M. Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inn. Mong. Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"121","first-page":"108","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Ornidazole combined with pelvic exercises in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"28","author":"W. G. Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hum. Sex"},{"key":"122","first-page":"73","article-title":"Clinical effect of Xiaoyao Pills on the SOD,MDA and interleukin of pa-tients pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"24","author":"L. Y. U. Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Mod. Medicine"},{"key":"123","first-page":"164","article-title":"Effect of palmatine sequential combination of exercise therapy on serum inflammatory markers in pelvic inflammation and its clinical effect","volume":"36","author":"F. Q. L. Hong-Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"124","first-page":"87","article-title":"Improvement in serum anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone levels in infertile patients after hyperbaric oxygen (preliminary results)","volume":"19","author":"P. Jesus","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBRA Assisted Reproduction"},{"key":"125","first-page":"510","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen adjuvant therapy on 29 cases of premature ovarian failure","volume":"27","author":"J. Y. Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Naut. Med High Press Medicine"},{"key":"126","first-page":"334","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for vulvar dystrophy","volume":"39","author":"Q. Ren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shanxi Journal of Medcine"},{"issue":"5","key":"127","article-title":"Thinking about medical education of hyperbaric oxygen","volume":"320","author":"Q. L. Lian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Naut. Medicine Hyperb. Med"},{"key":"128","first-page":"47","article-title":"Clinical observation of hyperbaric oxygen combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"2008","author":"F. H. Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing PLA"},{"key":"129","first-page":"312","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen combined with drugs in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"23","author":"W. G. Lou Hp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Naut. Med High Press Medicine"},{"key":"130","first-page":"503","article-title":"Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation in 56 cases","volume":"22","author":"S. G. Li Gh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Naut. Med High Press Medicine"},{"key":"131","first-page":"239","article-title":"Clinical observation of 66 cases of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases treated by hyperbaric oxygen combined with traditional Chinese and western medicine","volume":"23","author":"Q. S. Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Naut. Med High Press Medicin"},{"key":"132","first-page":"61","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with traditional Chinese and western medicine on pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"6","author":"Z. L. Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Innov. China"},{"key":"133","first-page":"105","article-title":"\u201cClinical effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with Hongteng decoction and moxifloxacin in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation","volume":"39","author":"R. M. Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inn. Mong. Journal of Traditinal Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"134","first-page":"53","article-title":"The clinical effect of modified peony and licorice decoction retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"34","author":"J. J. Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Traffic Medicine"},{"key":"135","first-page":"106+108","article-title":"Clinical analysis of Hong Teng Tang retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"34","author":"Y. X. Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Community Dr."},{"key":"136","first-page":"3737","article-title":"Clinical effect of kangfu anti-inflammatory suppository combined with microwave therapy on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"24","author":"Y. S. Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Recapitulate"},{"key":"137","first-page":"117+120","article-title":"\u201cDiscussion on the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease,\u201d Electron","volume":"6","author":"T. Y. Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Gynecological Endocrinology"},{"key":"138","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine retention enema combined with abdominal microwave and foot bath with traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"188","author":"S. W. Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod. Regimen"},{"issue":"11","key":"139","first-page":"132","article-title":"Effect of mild moxibustion and microwave therapy on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome","volume":"30","author":"L. Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Equip"},{"key":"140","volume-title":"Comparison of Nursing Effect of Mild Moxibustion Combined with Microwave Therapy on Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis","author":"T. Sha","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"141","first-page":"2338","article-title":"Clinical observation on effect of warm acupuncture with microwave therapy for teating chronic pelvic inflammatory in 186 cases","volume":"29","author":"Y. Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"142","first-page":"890","article-title":"Quantitative study on physical parameters of cupping therapy and its significance","volume":"40","author":"L. T. Wu Gm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion"},{"key":"143","first-page":"187","article-title":"The ISO international standard \u2018traditional Chinese medicine-glass cupping tools\u2019 was published","volume":"40","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"144","first-page":"1771","article-title":"Clinical study on the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by \u201cdragonfly-dipping water\u201d acupuncture combined with cupping in abdominal sacral region","volume":"40","author":"Z. Q. Xi Xd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"145","first-page":"568","article-title":"Clinical observation of bamboo tube cupping combined with blood prickling therapy for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"33","author":"L. Yj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"146","article-title":"62 cases of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease treated by acupuncture and specific electromagnetic therapy equipment combined with cupping","volume":"42976","author":"Z. Q. Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application"},{"key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.05.017"},{"key":"148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.177"},{"key":"149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.260652"},{"key":"150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.137"},{"key":"151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02298-3"},{"key":"152","first-page":"286","article-title":"Guidelines for the clinical application of proprietary Chinese medicines in the treatment of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory diseases","volume":"41","author":"L. Z. Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/1364297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/1364297.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/1364297.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T23:51:57Z","timestamp":1642636317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2022\/1364297\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["1364297","1364297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1364297","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]}}}