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There is an urgent need to identify specific biomarkers for the disease. In this study, we screened out tear proteins in patients with fungal keratitis by microsphere-based immunoassay analysis. Levels of cytokine expression were determined in both human corneal epithelial cell models in vitro and the corneas of patients by western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence analysis. Neutrophil activation was examined by flow cytometry analysis. The relationship between the cytokine expression and neutrophils was evaluated by immunofluorescence costaining and correlation analysis. These results demonstrated that the galectin-3 expression level was increased in both cell model and patient samples at the early and late stages of fungal keratitis. The neutrophils were significantly activated during the disease course of fungal keratitis. Meanwhile, colocalization and a positive correlation between galectin-3 and neutrophils were observed, suggesting that galectin-3 may play a crucial role in the recruitment of neutrophils and immune regulation of fungal keratitis. In conclusion, galectin-3 could be a key disease marker implying a beneficial immune response in the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis, which might be a target of therapeutic strategy in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1380560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T20:20:10Z","timestamp":1657311610000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Galectin-3 Is a Crucial Immunological Disease Marker in Patients with Fungal Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4306-1930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yichen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-3143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiahui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6018-0942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dalian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-3520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-5414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30448-5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106649"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150114"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.08.018"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-19"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06246"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02232-9"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2970"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1903212"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-021-00667-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.07.025"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12899"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1675638"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.2.785","article-title":"IL-12 prevents mortality in mice infected with Histoplasma capsulatum through induction of IFN-gamma","volume":"155","author":"P. 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