{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:25:01Z","timestamp":1780053901756,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP- 2020\/231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP- 2020\/231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Text summarization (TS) is considered one of the most difficult tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It is one of the most important challenges that stand against the modern computer system\u2019s capabilities with all its new improvement. Many papers and research studies address this task in literature but are being carried out in extractive summarization, and few of them are being carried out in abstractive summarization, especially in the Arabic language due to its complexity. In this paper, an abstractive Arabic text summarization system is proposed, based on a sequence-to-sequence model. This model works through two components, encoder and decoder. Our aim is to develop the sequence-to-sequence model using several deep artificial neural networks to investigate which of them achieves the best performance. Different layers of Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) have been used to develop the encoder and the decoder. In addition, the global attention mechanism has been used because it provides better results than the local attention mechanism. Furthermore, AraBERT preprocess has been applied in the data preprocessing stage that helps the model to understand the Arabic words and achieves state-of-the-art results. Moreover, a comparison between the skip-gram and the continuous bag of words (CBOW) word2Vec word embedding models has been made. We have built these models using the Keras library and run-on Google Colab Jupiter notebook to run seamlessly. Finally, the proposed system is evaluated through ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, ROUGE-L, and BLEU evaluation metrics. The experimental results show that three layers of BiLSTM hidden states at the encoder achieve the best performance. In addition, our proposed system outperforms the other latest research studies. Also, the results show that abstractive summarization models that use the skip-gram word2Vec model outperform the models that use the CBOW word2Vec model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1566890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:35:13Z","timestamp":1641947713000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Abstractive Arabic Text Summarization Based on Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Y.M.","family":"Wazery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4997-9868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marwa E.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmgeid A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.10.088"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-015-9442-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","article-title":"Using domain knowledge for text summarization in medical domain","volume":"1","author":"K. Sarkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.06.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.121"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comptelix.2017.8003957"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1253"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/26\/3\/030504"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-020-00386-7"},{"key":"10","article-title":"Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks","author":"I. Sutskever"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9365340","article-title":"Deep learning based abstractive text summarization: approaches, datasets, evaluation measures, and challenges","volume":"2020","author":"D. Suleiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering"},{"key":"12","article-title":"Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate","author":"D. Bahdanau"},{"issue":"16","key":"13","article-title":"Deep learning based abstractive Arabic text summarization using two layers encoder and one layer decoder","volume":"98","author":"S. U. T. L. ENCODER","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"14","first-page":"64","article-title":"A review on abstractive summarization methods","volume":"59","author":"A. Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icces.2012.6408498"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","first-page":"117","article-title":"Ontology-based model for generating text semantic representation","volume":"11","author":"I. Moawad","year":"2011","journal-title":"The International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Information Sciences IJICIS"},{"key":"17","volume-title":"Auto Generation of Arabic News Headlines","author":"Y. Khoja","year":"2017"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icces48960.2019.9068171"},{"key":"19","article-title":"A neural attention model for abstractive sentence summarization","author":"A. M. Rush"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n16-1012"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Abstractive text summarization using sequence-to-sequence RNNS and beyond","author":"R. Nallapati","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/K16-1028"},{"key":"22","article-title":"Selective encoding for abstractive sentence summarization","author":"Q. Zhou"},{"key":"23","article-title":"Faithful to the original: fact aware neural abstractive summarization","author":"Z. Cao"},{"key":"24","article-title":"Get to the point: summarization with pointer-generator networks","author":"A. See"},{"key":"25","article-title":"Arabert: transformer-based model for Arabic language understanding","author":"W. Antoun"},{"key":"26","author":"T. Mikolov","year":"2013"},{"key":"27","first-page":"74","article-title":"Rouge: a package for automatic evaluation of summaries","author":"C. Y. Lin"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"A call for clarity in reporting bleu scores","author":"M. Post","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-6319"},{"key":"29","first-page":"311","article-title":"Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation","author":"K. Papineni"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-3516-4_2"}],"container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2022\/1566890.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2022\/1566890.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2022\/1566890.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:35:20Z","timestamp":1641947720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2022\/1566890\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ahmed Mostafa","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["1566890","1566890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1566890","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5273","1687-5265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5273","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-5265","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]}}}