{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:11:20Z","timestamp":1785568280925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81801347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81801347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Middle-aged (45-59 years old) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a predilection for dementia and cognitive disorders (CDs); however, the characteristics and mechanisms of CDs in these patients remain unclear. There are also known connections between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), brain biochemical metabolism, and cognitive function (CF); however, there is scanty of information about these connections in middle-aged MDD patients. Methods. Cognitive assessment was performed on 30 first-episode, untreated middle-aged patients with MDD and 30 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)\/creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho)\/Cr ratios in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum were also obtained via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and the TSH level was measured by chemiluminescence analysis. Results. MDD patients presented significantly lower processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, reasoning problem-solving, visual learning, and composite cognition scores than controls, with a statistically lower NAA\/Cr ratio in the right cerebellum. Age was positively related to reasoning problem-solving in the MDD group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>r<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.6249<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.0220<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Education also showed a positive association with visual learning, social cognition, and composite cognition. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-24) score was negatively related to all domains of CF. TSH levels were markedly decreased in the MDD group, and a positive connection was determined between the NAA\/Cr ratio in the right PFC and the TSH level. Conclusions. Middle-aged MDD patients have multidimensional CDs. There are changes in PFC and cerebellar biochemical metabolism in middle-aged patients with MDD, which may be related to CDs or altered TSH levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1623478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T04:21:14Z","timestamp":1662438074000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Variation in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Disorders in Unmedicated Middle-Aged Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-1633","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Ganzhou People\u2019s Hospital, Ganzhou, 341099 Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunkai","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People\u2019s Hospital, Ganzhou, 341099 Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-8097","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanbin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)","volume":"25","author":"D. 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