{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:13:53Z","timestamp":1768626833803,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Oxidative stress factors and proinflammatory cytokines had been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). This study assumes that blood biochemical markers would have a link with TD in schizophrenia patients. To explore the correlation between blood biochemical markers and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia (SCH). Methods. From January 2010 to August 2021, the inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia in the Chinese Classification and Diagnosis Criteria of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) and the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) were followed up in the psychiatric outpatient department of Jinxia Street Community Health Service Center, Longhu District, Shantou City. The diagnostic criteria of Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) used in the TD study of Schooler and Kane were used to screen the patients. Patients were divided into the schizophrenia (SCH group) and the schizophrenia with TD groups (TD group). Oxidative stress factors including Superoxide Dismutase1 (SOD1), Glutathione Peroxidase1 (GPX1), Malondialdehyde1 (MDA1), Catalase Activity1 (CAT1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1 (BDNF1) and some inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1), prolactin, estrogen, and cortisol were measured in 121 schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and 118 schizophrenic patients. The correlation analysis was conducted on the data. Results. Age and female were immutable risk factors for the development of TD, and there were significant differences in blood biochemical indices GPX1, MDA1, CAT1, and TNF-\u03b1 in schizophrenic patients with and without TD. Conclusion. This study supports that oxidative stress and immune disorders are associated with TD patients. Blood biochemical markers GPX1, MDA1, CAT1, and TNF-\u03b1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia combined with TD patients, and they may be useful in the diagnosis of schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1767989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:35:28Z","timestamp":1646786128000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Correlation of Blood Biochemical Markers with Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-6707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-529X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4040-8011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4234-9783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei City 230012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-4535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan City 467000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1981-0519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinhua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-1050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suxiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan City 467000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1733-0068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaijian","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City 515041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11919\/j.issn.1002-0829.217008"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16091037"},{"issue":"139","key":"3","first-page":"251","article-title":"Positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms and the role of dopamine","volume":"139","author":"A. 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