{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:18:47Z","timestamp":1791443927322,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["98-01-04\u201320786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98-01-04\u201320786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The venom is a mixture of various compounds with specific biological activities, such as the phospholipase <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <a:mo>\u2009<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:msub>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>A<\/a:mi>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mn>2<\/a:mn>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msub>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <c:msub>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mtext>PLA<\/c:mtext>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mn>2<\/c:mn>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:msub>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) enzyme present in scorpion venom. <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <e:msub>\n                           <e:mrow>\n                              <e:mtext>PLA<\/e:mtext>\n                           <\/e:mrow>\n                           <e:mrow>\n                              <e:mn>2<\/e:mn>\n                           <\/e:mrow>\n                        <\/e:msub>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> plays a key role in inhibiting ryanodine receptor channels and has neurotoxic activity. This study is the first investigation of molecular characterization, cloning, and in silico analyses of <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <g:msub>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mtext>PLA<\/g:mtext>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mn>2<\/g:mn>\n                              <g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                        <\/g:msub>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> from Iranian Scorpio maurus, named Maurolipin. After RNA extraction from S. maurus venom glands, cDNA was synthesized and amplified through RT-PCR using specific primers. Amplified Maurolipin was cloned in TA cloning vector, pTG19. For in silico analyses, the characterized gene was analyzed utilizing different software. Maurolipin coding gene with 432 base pair nucleotide length encoded a protein of 144 amino acid residues and 16.34\u2009kilodaltons. Comparing the coding sequence of Maurolipin with other characterized <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <i:msub>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mtext>PLA<\/i:mtext>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                           <i:mrow>\n                              <i:mn>2<\/i:mn>\n                              <i:mtext>\u2009<\/i:mtext>\n                           <\/i:mrow>\n                        <\/i:msub>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> from different species of scorpions showed that this protein was a member of the <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <k:msub>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mtext>PLA<\/k:mtext>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mn>2<\/k:mn>\n                              <k:mtext>\u2009<\/k:mtext>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                        <\/k:msub>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> superfamily. According to SWISS-MODEL prediction, Maurolipin had 38.83% identity with bee venom <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <m:msub>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mtext>PLA<\/m:mtext>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mn>2<\/m:mn>\n                              <m:mtext>\u2009<\/m:mtext>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                        <\/m:msub>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> with 100% confidence and 39% identity with insect phospholipase <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <o:msub>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mi>A<\/o:mi>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mn>2<\/o:mn>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                        <\/o:msub>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> family, which Phyre2 predicted. According to the three-dimensional structure prediction, Maurolipin with five disulfide bonds has a very high similarity to the structure of <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <q:msub>\n                           <q:mrow>\n                              <q:mtext>PLA<\/q:mtext>\n                           <\/q:mrow>\n                           <q:mrow>\n                              <q:mn>2<\/q:mn>\n                           <\/q:mrow>\n                        <\/q:msub>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> that belonged to the group III subfamily. The in silico analyses showed that phospholipase <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <s:msub>\n                           <s:mrow>\n                              <s:mi>A<\/s:mi>\n                           <\/s:mrow>\n                           <s:mrow>\n                              <s:mn>2<\/s:mn>\n                           <\/s:mrow>\n                        <\/s:msub>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> coding gene and protein structure is different based on scorpion species and geographical condition in which they live.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1839946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T02:35:08Z","timestamp":1664850908000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Characterization and In Silico Analyses of Maurolipin Structure as a Secretory Phospholipase <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                     <a:msub>\n                        <a:mrow>\n                           <a:mi>A<\/a:mi>\n                        <\/a:mrow>\n                        <a:mrow>\n                           <a:mn>2<\/a:mn>\n                        <\/a:mrow>\n                     <\/a:msub>\n                  <\/a:math> (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                     <c:msub>\n                        <c:mrow>\n                           <c:mtext>sPLA<\/c:mtext>\n                        <\/c:mrow>\n                        <c:mrow>\n                           <c:mn>2<\/c:mn>\n                        <\/c:mrow>\n                     <\/c:msub>\n                  <\/c:math>) from Venom Glands of Iranian Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionida)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6614-642X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parisa","family":"Soltan-Alinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6896-0559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamzeh","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0717-2561","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aboozar","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-2370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qasem","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5655-8722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amin","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-1719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Davood","family":"Mehrabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research and Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-2536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 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