{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:17:36Z","timestamp":1788283056402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":201,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic\/antipyretic whose long\u2010term intake or overdose is associated with renal and hepatic injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the hepatonephroprotective mechanisms of the aqueous extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Amblygonocarpus andongensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    stem bark (AEAASB) on renal and hepatic failure resulting from paracetamol overdose. Forty\u2010five rats were divided into nine groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5); these were treated once daily for 8 days with 5\u2009ml\/kg distilled water (normal, negative, and satellite controls); 0.9% normal saline and 140\u2009mg\/kg\u2009N\u2010acetyl\u2010cysteine (positive controls); 125, 250, and 500\u2009mg\/kg AEAASB (test groups); and 500\u2009mg\/kg AEAASB (satellite test). On day 8 after different treatments, hepatonephrotoxicity was induced in all the groups except the normal group by oral administration of a single dose of paracetamol (1000\u2009mg\/kg). Urinary, hematological, serum, and oxidative stress parameters and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antioxidant activity of AEAASB were evaluated. Histological sections of the liver and kidney were performed. AEAASB significantly decreased urea, creatinine, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) at 500\u2009mg\/kg compared to the negative control. Significant decreases in hepatic (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) and renal (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) malondialdehyde levels were associated with increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in 500\u2009mg\/kg AEAASB compared with the negative control. Histological analysis showed that AEAASB prevented paracetamol\u2010induced renal and liver tissue damage. Furthermore, AEAASB revealed a very strong antioxidant activity (inhibitory concentration 50 = 180\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml, antioxidant\u2009activity\u2009index = 5.55) with an ability to scavenge 63.03% 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhy\u2010drazyl radical and reduced ferric iron by 52.68 mgEqVitC\/100\u2009g DM. The hepatonephroprotective effect of AEAASB might result from its ability to improve the antioxidant status through the stimulation of antioxidant factors and the scavenging of free radicals. This property could be ascribed to the presence of some classes of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds in great amounts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1846558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T20:05:40Z","timestamp":1658433940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antioxidant Mechanism of Renal and Hepatic Failure Prevention Related to Paracetamol Overdose by the Aqueous Extract of\n                    <i>Amblygonocarpus andongensis<\/i>\n                    Stem Bark"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Baponwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5331-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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