{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:19:00Z","timestamp":1764782340143,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015359","name":"Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HJW-R-2019-66-19","18DZ1910604","81874325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is widely used in renal transplant recipients. There is a lack of study on the pharmacokinetics of this drug in children. This study is aimed at developing a population pharmacokinetic model of mycophenolic acid in children who were treated with EC-MPS after renal transplantation and to recommend initial dosage. Methods. Pediatric patients who had undergone renal transplantation and received EC-MPS were included. Data on demographic characteristics, biochemical tests, blood routine examinations, mycophenolic acid plasma concentrations, dosing amount and frequency of EC-MPS, and coadministered medications were retrospective collected from June 2018 to August 2019. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling methods were adopted to develop a population pharmacokinetic model with the data above. Additional data from September 2019 to July 2020 were used to validate the model. Simulations under different dosage regimen were conducted to evaluate the percentage of target attainment (PTA, AUC0-12h 30\u201360\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L). Results. A total of 96 pediatric patients aged at 13.3 (range 4.3\u201318.0) years were included in the modeling group. Data from 32 patients aged at 13.0 (range 3.6\u201318.3) years were used to validate the model. A one-compartment model with a double extravascular absorption was developed. Body surface area (BSA) was added as a covariate. Simulations showed that for different dosing regimens, the highest percentage of target attainment is around 50%. The best dosing regimen is 180\u2009mg every 48 hours for patients with BSA of 0.22\u20130.46\u2009m2, 180\u2009mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.47\u20130.67\u2009m2, 180\u2009mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.68\u20130.96\u2009m2, 360\u2009mg every 24 hours with BSA of 0.97\u20131.18\u2009m2, 540\u2009mg every 24 hours with BSA of 1.19\u20131.58\u2009m2, and 360\u2009mg every 12 hours with BSA of 1.59\u20132.03\u2009m2. Conclusion. BSA could affect the area under curve of mycophenolic acid with the administration of EC-MPS. Considering the inflexibility of the dosage form, future development of smaller amount per tablet suitable for younger children with <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>BSA<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1.19<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:msup>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mtext>m<\/a:mtext>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mn>2<\/a:mn>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msup>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1881176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T20:20:06Z","timestamp":1662841206000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Population Pharmacokinetics of Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Children after Renal Transplantation and Initial Dosage Recommendation Based on Body Surface Area"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5132-9197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Children\u2019s Medical Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-5306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiaofeng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Children\u2019s Medical Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yidie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Children\u2019s Medical Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7617-0872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, National Children\u2019s Medical Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-023X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, National Children\u2019s Medical Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.207"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1314376"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-021-00373-5"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200708133429"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-021-00713-0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03734.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2021.1843633"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/0003088-200847120-00007"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.213"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13295"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1247-1"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2003.00337.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000281"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07111009"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2010.06.001"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1352"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01693.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05440610"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11594050-000000000-00000"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.14"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12392"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.01.009"},{"volume-title":"Pediatric & Neonatal Dosage Handbook","year":"2018","author":"C. K. Taketomo","key":"23"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710223171717"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.09.011"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2020.1819579"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.131"},{"volume-title":"CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and Development","year":"2000","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","key":"28"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1595588"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002762"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200104000-00005"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000658"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00455.x"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1714437"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2022\/1881176.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2022\/1881176.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2022\/1881176.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T20:20:11Z","timestamp":1662841211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2022\/1881176\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chung-Min","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["1881176","1881176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1881176","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6718","1748-670X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"},{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]}}}