{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:51:01Z","timestamp":1787017861647,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the symptomatic compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist level that may become a reason for upper limb disability, in the women and men population. Objective. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the neurodynamic technique (NT) and carpal bone mobilization technique (CBMT) incorporated with tendon gliding exercises (TGE) as an effect-enhancing adjunct while managing the participants with chronic CTS. Methods. The study followed a two-arm parallel-group randomized comparative design. Thirty participants (aged 30\u201359 years) with chronic CTS were recruited randomly to both the NT and CBMT groups. In addition to the TGE (a common adjunct), NT and CBMT were performed in the NT and CBMT groups, respectively, for three weeks. The primary outcome measures including pain intensity, functional status, grip strength, and motor nerve conduction study were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), hand-held dynamometer, and electromyograph, respectively, at baseline, 3 weeks postintervention, and follow-up at one week post end of the intervention. Paired and unpaired t-test were used to calculate the differences in intervention effects within and between the groups with keeping the level of significance \u03b1 at 0.05. Results. The data analysis revealed a significant (95% CI,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) difference for all outcomes within each group compared across different time intervals. Similarly, a significant difference was found for all outcomes except pain and grip strength compared between groups at 3 weeks postintervention and follow-up at one week post end of the intervention. Conclusions. The NT revealed more effectiveness than the CBMT when incorporated with TGE to improve nerve conduction velocity and functional status of the hand. However, both NT and CBMT were equally effective in improving pain and grip strength while managing the participants with chronic CTS. In addition, the TGE contributed as a beneficial, effect-enhancing adjunct to the NT and CBMT differently. Significance. The study will guide the physiotherapist in applying either of the combination techniques suitable for achieving treatment objectives while managing the participants with chronic CTS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1975803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T18:35:07Z","timestamp":1654713307000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of Two Manual Therapy Programs, including Tendon Gliding Exercises as a Common Adjunct, While Managing the Participants with Chronic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Fauzia Javed","family":"Sheereen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibhuti","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-9543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Abu","family":"Shaphe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-476X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad H.","family":"Alghadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9080-367X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amir","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1150-4162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taimul","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Center, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1189-2206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fuzail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.21","article-title":"What can family physicians offer patients with carpal tunnel syndrome other than surgery? A systematic review of nonsurgical management","volume":"2","author":"A. Bruce","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Annals of Family Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001206010069","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of the recent literature","volume":"6","author":"I. Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Open Orthopaedics Journal"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","first-page":"6","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"77","author":"S. Aroori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ulster Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"32","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: controversies and consensus","volume":"11","author":"P. P. Kotwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pb Journal of Orthopaedics"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.03.015"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2006.11076691"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20310"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2009.109.12.641"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2012.12.003"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.04.024"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.11.014"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799x-6-17"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0815-8"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2019.03.003"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.002"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.24.801"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.3117"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8012"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0b013e318214eaaf"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2000.0355"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518805213"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.02.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"24","first-page":"155","article-title":"A randomized controlled (intervention) trial of ischemic compression therapy for chronic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"54","author":"G. Hains","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000172894.21006.e2"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s158847"},{"key":"27","first-page":"4","article-title":"Assessment of the Boston questionnaire in diagnosis of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: comparing scores with clinical and neurophysiological findings","volume":"3","author":"D. Ilhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"D\u00fczce T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(84)80146-x"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-78"},{"issue":"3","key":"31","first-page":"127","article-title":"Osteopathic manipulative medicine for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"112","author":"G. Siu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Osteopathic Association"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.12.008"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2954"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2008.09.001"},{"key":"35","volume-title":"Mobilization of the Nervous System","author":"D. S. Butler","year":"1991"},{"key":"36","first-page":"113","article-title":"Effects of the median nerve mobilization on change of nerve conduction velocity, grip strength and pain in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"7","author":"M. K. Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korea Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.00867.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"38","first-page":"35","article-title":"Pain and its relationship with muscle strength and proprioception in knee OA: results of an 8-week home exercise pilot study","volume":"8","author":"N. Shakoor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3944\/aott.2011.2425"},{"issue":"4","key":"40","first-page":"430","article-title":"Correlation of pinch and grip strength with median nerve conduction velocity in women referred to electrodiagnostic center","volume":"7","author":"A. Hamid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.1017"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.1994.94.8.647"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2022\/1975803.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2022\/1975803.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2022\/1975803.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T18:35:20Z","timestamp":1654713320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2022\/1975803\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Redha","family":"Taiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["1975803","1975803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1975803","relation":{},"ISSN":["1918-1523","1203-6765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]}}}