{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:00:25Z","timestamp":1791482425004,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":227,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81503303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81503303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a widespread intestinal disease threatening human health, is commonly accompanied by secondary liver injury (SLI). Pyroptosis and oxidative stress act as an important role underlying the pathophysiology of SLI, during which a large number of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative intermediates can be produced, thereby causing the liver severely damaged. Suppression of pyroptosis and oxidative damage can be considered one of the critical strategies for SLI therapy. Garlic, a natural food with eatable and medicinal functions, is widely used in people\u2019s daily life. There is no study about the alleviation of garlic against IBD accompanied with SLI. This study is aimed at investigating the efficacy of the polysaccharides from garlic (PSG) in treating IBD and SLI, as well as its pharmacological mechanism. The results showed that PSG significantly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium\u2010induced IBD determined by evaluating the bodyweight loss, disease activity index, colon length, and colonic pathological examination of mice. PSG significantly reduced the colonic inflammation by reversing the levels of myeloperoxidase, diamine oxidase activity, iNOS, and COX2 and strengthened the intestinal barrier by increasing the expressions of ZO1, occludin, and MUC2 of IBD mice. Furthermore, PSG strongly alleviated SLI determined by assessing the liver morphological change, liver index, levels of ALT and AST, and liver pathological change of mice. Mechanically, PSG reduced the high levels of LPS, IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL18, NLRP3, gasdermin D, caspase 1, ASC, TLR4, MyD88, NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B, phospho\u2010NF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B, while it increased IL\u201010 in the livers of mice, indicating that PSG alleviated SLI by suppressing inflammation and pyroptosis. Additionally, PSG significantly inhibited the oxidative damage in the liver tissues of SLI mice by reducing the levels of ROS, MDA, Keap\u20101, 8\u2010OHDG, and phospho\u2010H2AX and increasing the levels of GPX4, SOD2, HO1, NQO1, and Nrf2. These findings suggested that the garlic polysaccharides could be used to treat IBD accompanied with SLI in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2042163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:50:36Z","timestamp":1660697436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Polysaccharides from Garlic Protect against Liver Injury in DSS\u2010Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Mice via Suppressing Pyroptosis and Oxidative Damage"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1964-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7586-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6483-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanxi","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Research progress in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in China","volume":"25","author":"Li X. F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Modern Digestion & Intervention"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1604219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2018.1510914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goy011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2011.011358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1916-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2617881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.0296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","article-title":"Bergenin, acting as an agonist of PPARgamma, ameliorates experimental colitis in mice through improving expression of SIRT1, and therefore inhibiting NF-kappaB-mediated macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Wang K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.58866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Structure and function of tight junctions. Role in intestinal barrier","volume":"31","author":"Gasbarrini G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i5.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases","volume":"36","author":"Jing L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07374-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.651415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i25.2673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2020.4712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00378D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01936-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2437-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10799893.2020.1808675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4703253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S288412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2018.0513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-020-01608-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21841-w"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/2042163.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2022\/2042163.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2022\/2042163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T01:48:49Z","timestamp":1748915329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2022\/2042163"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dr Amira","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2022\/2042163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2042163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2042163"}}