{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:04:12Z","timestamp":1778493852980,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) is a chronic, severely distressing clinical syndrome characterized by bladder pain and pressure perceptions. The origin and pathophysiology of IC\/BPS are currently unclear, making it difficult to diagnose and formulate successful treatments. Our study is aimed at investigating the role of immune-related genes in the diagnosis, progression, and therapy of IC\/BPS. Method. The gene expression datasets GSE11783, GSE11839, GSE28242, and GSE57560 were retrieved from the GEO database for further analysis. Immune-related IC\/BPS differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma. Three distinct machine learning approaches, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine\u2013recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest (RF), were used to find the immune-related IC characteristic genes. Nomogram and receiving operator curves (ROC) were plotted to measure characteristic effectiveness. Using the CMap database and the molecular docking approach, potential small-molecule medicines were found and verified. Consensus cluster analysis was also performed to separate the IC\/BPS samples into immunological subtypes. Results. A total of 24 immune-related IC\/BPS-DEGs were identified. When compared to the normal control group, the IC\/BPS cohort had significantly more immune cell infiltration. Integrative machine learning methods discovered 5 IC\/BPS characteristic genes (RASGRP1, PPBP, RBP4, CR2, and PROS2) that may predict IC\/BPS diagnosis and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, two immunological subgroups with substantial variations in immune cell infiltration across IC\/BPS samples were identified, which were named cluster1 and cluster2, with the hallmark genes having greater expression in cluster2. Finally, bumetanide was shown to have the potential to be a medication for the treatment of IC\/BPS, and it performed well in terms of its molecular binding with RASGRP1. Conclusion. We found and validated 5 immune-related IC\/BPS genes (RASGRP1, PPBP, RBP4, CR2, and PROS2) and 2 IC\/BPS immune subtypes. In addition, bumetanide was discovered to be a potential drug for treating IC\/BPS, which may provide new insight into the diagnosis and immune therapy of IC\/BPS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2069756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T19:20:23Z","timestamp":1672255223000},"page":"1-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification of Immune-Related Genes and Small-Molecule Drugs in Interstitial Cystitis\/Bladder Pain Syndrome Based on the Integrative Machine Learning Algorithms and Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-5826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-5859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1612-4190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah Y.","family":"Al-danakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5548-2428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology of Dalian Maritime University, 116000, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-7033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20687"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000146114.53828.82","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis in a managed care population","volume":"173","author":"J. 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