{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:13:20Z","timestamp":1778753600777,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Health Science and Technology Plan (General) Project","award":["2018A21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To examine the expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) in the periapical granulation tissue and serum of patients with chronic apical periodontitis and to conduct immunohistochemical analysis so as to explore the relationship between TGF-\u03b2 and the degree of periapical lesions. Methods. Periapical granulation tissues of 20 cases of chronic apical periodontitis were collected as the experimental group. Healthy gingival tissues without eruption of third molars of 5 cases were collected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were utilized to determine the expression of TGF-\u03b2 mRNA and protein, and the difference in the expression of TGF-\u03b2 was compared between groups. In the experimental group, oral CBCT was taken to measure the periapical bone resorption area. Spearman\u2019s correlation method was applied to analyze the correlation between TGF-\u03b2 protein and gene expression levels and periapical bone resorption area. Results. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the expression of TGF-\u03b2 protein in chronic apical periodontitis tissue and serum was higher than that in the controls <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                              <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                              <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:mfenced>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of TGF-\u03b2 mRNA was higher in chronic apical periodontitis tissue than that of the controls <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <f:math xmlns:f=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <f:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <f:mrow>\n                              <f:mi>P<\/f:mi>\n                              <f:mo>&lt;<\/f:mo>\n                              <f:mn>0.05<\/f:mn>\n                           <\/f:mrow>\n                        <\/f:mfenced>\n                     <\/f:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. Spearman\u2019s correlation analysis showed that in the experimental group, the mRNA expression of TGF-\u03b2 was positively correlated with the periapical bone resorption area <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <k:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <k:mrow>\n                              <k:mi>P<\/k:mi>\n                              <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                              <k:mn>0.01<\/k:mn>\n                           <\/k:mrow>\n                        <\/k:mfenced>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, and the protein expression level was not correlated with the periapical bone resorption area <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <p:math xmlns:p=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <p:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n                           <p:mrow>\n                              <p:mi>P<\/p:mi>\n                              <p:mo>&lt;<\/p:mo>\n                              <p:mn>0.05<\/p:mn>\n                           <\/p:mrow>\n                        <\/p:mfenced>\n                     <\/p:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>. Conclusion. The increased expression of TGF-\u03b2 in the periapical granulation tissue and serum of patients with chronic apical periodontitis has a certain correlation with the progression of periapical periodontitis. The correlation between TGF-\u03b2 at the mRNA level and the degree of early stage disease as well as the high expression of TGF-\u03b2 in inflammatory cells in immunohistochemistry have confirmed that TGF-\u03b2 promotes bone resorption in early periapical periodontitis, and its mechanism of action deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2173434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T20:20:11Z","timestamp":1647980411000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation between Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 and Periapical Lesions in Patients with Chronic Apical Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1503-2844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuesong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linjie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"31","key":"1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Analysis of one-time root canal treatment for chronic periapical periodontitis and pulpitis","volume":"14","author":"L. 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