{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:14:11Z","timestamp":1789827251092,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007347","name":"Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["195\/2557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["195\/2557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To reduce the risk of elderly people falling in a private room without relying on a closed-circuit television system that results in serious privacy and trust concerns, a fall monitoring system that protects the privacy and does not monitor a person\u2019s activities is needed. An ultrasonic-based sensor system for elderly fall monitoring in a smart room is proposed in this study. An array of ultrasonic sensors, whose ranges are designed to cover the room space, are initially installed on a wall of the room, and the sensors are rotated to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals to measure the distances to a moving object while preventing ultrasonic signal interference. Distance changes measured by ultrasonic sensors are used as time-independent patterns to recognize when an elderly person falls. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a sensor system prototype using long short-term memory was constructed, and experiments with 25 participants were performed. An accuracy of approximately 98% was achieved in this experiment using the proposed method, which was a slight improvement over that of the conventional method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2212020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T03:05:09Z","timestamp":1667876709000},"page":"1-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An Ultrasonic-Based Sensor System for Elderly Fall Monitoring in a Smart Room"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-6706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chokemongkol","family":"Nadee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-5754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kosin","family":"Chamnongthai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights","author":"S. Affairs","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Nations Department of Economic"},{"key":"2","article-title":"World Population Ageing 2019: Highlights","author":"S. Affairs","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Nations Department of Economic"},{"key":"3","article-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global report on falls prevention in older age"},{"key":"4","article-title":"Pervasive healthcare: the elderly perspective","author":"L. Little","year":"2020"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/761291","article-title":"Home-living elderly people\u2019s views on food and meals","volume":"2012","author":"E. Edfors","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of aging research"},{"key":"6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasonic Array Sensors for Monitoring of Human Fall Detection","author":"C. Nadee"},{"key":"7","first-page":"930","article-title":"Multi Sensor System for Automatic Fall Detection","author":"C. Nadee"},{"key":"8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Octagonal Formation of Ultrasonic Array Sensors for Fall Detection","author":"C. Nadee"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-66"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2922708"},{"key":"11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamic Background Subtraction for Fall Detection System Using a 2D Camera","author":"S. D. Hernandez"},{"key":"12","first-page":"237","article-title":"Vision-Based Fall Detection through Shape Features","author":"C. Lin"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/rteict.2017.8256851"},{"key":"14","first-page":"785","article-title":"Fall Detection Method Based on Semi-contour Distances","author":"X. ShanShan"},{"key":"15","first-page":"148","article-title":"A Dynamic Height Analysis on Vision Based Fall Detection System","author":"Y. Chen"},{"key":"16","first-page":"715","article-title":"A Novel Method Based on Optical Flow Combining with Wide Residual Network for Fall Detection","author":"X. Cai"},{"key":"17","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Vision-based fall detection with convolutional neural networks","volume":"16","author":"A. N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Marcos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2018.2808281"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122864"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2881237"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icsens.2014.6985488"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2015.2423562"},{"key":"23","first-page":"362","article-title":"Pre-Impact Fall Detection Based on Wearable Device Using Dynamic Threshold Model","author":"N. Otanasap"},{"key":"24","first-page":"671","article-title":"A Wearable Device for Fall Detection Elderly People Using Tri Dimensional Accelerometer","author":"A. Kurniawan"},{"key":"25","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Exponential Smoothing gray Prediction Fall Detection Signal Analysis in Wearable device","author":"C. Chu"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icce-tw46550.2019.8991972"},{"key":"27","first-page":"88","article-title":"A Simple Design of Wearable Device for Fall Detection with Accelerometer and gyroscope","author":"M. I. Nari"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2969453"},{"key":"29","first-page":"304","article-title":"An Accurate Crowdsourcing-Based Adaptive Fall Detection Approach Using Smart Devices","author":"H. Chen"},{"key":"30","first-page":"1","article-title":"iPrevent: A Novel Wearable Radio Frequency Range Detector for Fall Prevention","author":"Y. Tang"},{"key":"31","first-page":"1","article-title":"CS-based Fall Detection for Connected Health Applications","author":"H. Djelouat"},{"key":"32","first-page":"90","article-title":"Accurate Fall Detection Using 3-axis Accelerometer Sensor and MLF Algorithm","author":"A. Jahanjoo"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092096"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2017.2778271"},{"key":"35","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Fall Detection System Using Artificial Neural Network","author":"A. Purushothaman"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051350"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2018.2829815"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsen.2019.2891128"},{"key":"39","first-page":"131","article-title":"Design of Fall Detection System with Floor Pressure and Infrared image","author":"H.-W. Tzeng"},{"key":"40","first-page":"373","article-title":"Infrared Signal Based Elderly Fall Detection for in-Home Monitoring","author":"Q. Guan"},{"key":"41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fall Detection Scheme Based on Temperature Distribution with IR Array Sensor","author":"Y. Ogawa"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061342"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389x18758183"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2015.2502784"},{"key":"45","first-page":"222","article-title":"Automatic Fall Detection Based on Doppler Radar Motion signature","author":"L. Liu"},{"key":"46","first-page":"196","article-title":"Learning Based Falling Detection Using Multiple Doppler sensors","author":"S. Tomii"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ichi.2013.27"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2014.2319333"},{"key":"49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fall detection and classifications based on time-scale radar signal characteristics","volume":"XVIII","author":"A. Gadde","year":"9077","journal-title":"Radar Sensor Technology"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2014.0250"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2014.2367038"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2016.2557795"},{"key":"53","first-page":"1771","article-title":"Wireless Health Monitoring Using Passive WiFi Sensing","author":"U. Mahmood Khan"},{"key":"54","first-page":"943","article-title":"Your WiFi Knows You Fall: A Channel Data-Driven Device-free Fall Sensing System","author":"Y. Gu"},{"key":"55","first-page":"402","article-title":"Sensing-Fi: Wi-Fi CSI and Accelerometer Fusion System for Fall Detection","author":"R. Ramezani"},{"key":"56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep Learning Wi-Fi Channel State Information for Fall Detection","author":"H. Cheng"},{"key":"57","first-page":"1723","article-title":"A WiFi-Based Passive Fall Detection System","author":"Y. Hu"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2009.2030171"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iembs.2010.5627368"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2012.2186449"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/embc.2012.6347328"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2015.2425932"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Effects of Microwave Radiation on Brains","volume":"4","author":"W. Zhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Military Medical Research"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00223"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2013.11076978"},{"key":"66","volume-title":"Ultrasonic Sensors for the Elderly and Caregivers in a Nursing Home","author":"H. Toshio","year":"2005"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/embc.2012.6347325"},{"key":"68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human Fall Detection Based on Event Pattern Matching with Ultrasonic Array sensors","author":"Y. Chang"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01260-y"},{"key":"70","article-title":"United Nations, New York, Department of economic and social affairs, Population division","author":"World Population Ageing 2019","year":"2020"},{"key":"71","volume-title":"Older People Are More Likely to Live Alone in the U.S. Than Elsewhere in the World","author":"J. Ausubel","year":"2020"},{"key":"72","first-page":"49","article-title":"Fall Detection System Based on Human Body Silhouette","author":"B. Lin"},{"issue":"4","key":"73","first-page":"30","article-title":"The science and art of proportionality","volume":"27","author":"P. A. Hewitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science Scope"},{"key":"74","article-title":"Energy and Power of a Wave","author":"S. J Ling","year":"2020"},{"key":"75","article-title":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","year":"2022","journal-title":"International aspects of the SI"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/cchem.2004.81.4.504"},{"key":"77","first-page":"714","article-title":"Approximating number of hidden layer neurons in multiple hidden layer BPNN architecture","volume":"3","author":"S. Karsoliya","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology"},{"key":"78","first-page":"26","article-title":"Hyperparameter optimization for machine learning models based on Bayesian optimization","volume":"1","author":"J. Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Science and Technology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/2212020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/2212020.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/2212020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T03:05:27Z","timestamp":1667876727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2022\/2212020\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ikram","family":"Ud Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["2212020","2212020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2212020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2309","2040-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2309","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2040-2295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]}}}