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Whether Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is associated with thyroid autoimmunity was debated for long time. This study was still to explore the causal relationship of 25 (OH) D with a thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb). Methods. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study, SPECT-China study, which was performed in 23 sites in East China during 2014 to 2016. 10636 participants were finally included in this study. Genotyped four 25 (OH) D-related and four TPOAb-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) created their genetic risk scores (GRS). Bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used in this study. Results. 25 (OH) D GRS was significantly associated with 25 (OH) D (B \u22120.093, 95% CI \u22120.111, \u22120.074) and TPOAb level (B 0.067, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.132). TPOAb GRS was significantly associated with TPOAb concentration (B 0.345, 95% CI 0.135 to 0.556), but not 25 (OH) D (B \u22120.030, 95% CI \u22120.091 to 0.030). Using 25 (OH) D_GRS as instrumental variable in the MR analysis, a causal relationship of genetically determined 25 (OH) D with increased TPOAb concentration (B \u22120.720, 95% CI \u22121.429 to \u22120.012). No relation was found between genetically instrumented TPOAb and 25 (OH) D. Conclusion. A higher VD_GRS was associated with higher risk of increased TPOAb concentration, which supports a causal association between decreased vitamin D and increased concentration of TPOAb in an eastern Chinese population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2260388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T20:50:30Z","timestamp":1648846230000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis for Vitamin D and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0522-0446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yingchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 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